Study of Deconfinement Phase Transition in Heavy Ion Collisions at BNL Energies

Abstract

Abstract-The Scaled factorial moments (SFMs) of multiplicity distribution are used to study the deconfinement phase transition in high energy heavy-ion collisions. In the present article we studied the Renyi dimensions and multifractal spectrum in the interaction of 28 S-emulsion collisions at 14.6A GeV to investigate non thermal phase transitions during such collisions.Index Terms-Novel state of matter, quark-gluon plasma (QGP), scaled factorial moments (SFMs). I. INTRODUCTIONDuring last couple of years, different nuclei have been accelerated to relativistic energies and brought to collisions with a great variety of target nuclei. An ultimate aim of studying nucleus -nucleus (A-A) collisions is to investigate for a phenomena connecting with large densities obtained in such nuclear collisions.So due to this one can obtained an opportunity to explore strongly interacting matter at energy densities unprecedented in a laboratory, which eventually gives an evidence for the existence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is a novel state of matter in which quarks and gluons are no longer confined to volumes of hadronic dimensions. In deep inelastic scattering experiments, it has already been revealed that quarks at very short distances move freely, which is referred to as the asymptotic freedom. Quantum Chromo-dynamics (QCD) describes the strong interactions of quarks and gluons [1]. The experimental observation of large rapidity fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions by R. C. Hwa and J. C. Pan [2], [3] using the method of multifractal moments method, G q , has provided keen interest and excitement in about their nature and origin. Bialas and Peschanski [4], [5] suggested a power law scaling behavior in terms of normalized scaled factorial moments, SFMs (< > ∝ ) on the bin size and described the phenomenon as "intermittency". The SFMs method cannot only predicts the existence of large non-statistical fluctuations but it could also investigate the pattern of fluctuations and their origin.The main emphasis of the present experimental / statistical work is to explore the second order phase transition, which take place during the relativistic heavy ion collisions, with the help of Renyi dimension, , and multifractal spectrum, Manuscript received March 8, 2013; revised May 16, 2013 ( ). II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS AND DATA COLLECTIONIn the present experiment, FUJI nuclear emulsion pellicles were irradiated horizontally with a beam of 28 Si nuclei at 14.6A GeV at Alternating Gradient Synchrophasotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), NewYork, USA have been used for data collection. The method of line scanning has been adopted to scan the stacks, which was carried out carefully using Japan made NIKON (LABOPHOT and Tc-BIOPHOT) high-resolution microscopes with 8 cm movable stage using 40X objectives and 10X eyepieces by two independent observers, so that the bias in the detection, counting and measurements can be minimized. The interactions due to beam tracks making an angle < 2  to the mean direction and...

Intermittency Approach in the Nuclear Collisions of 28Si + AgBr at 14.6A GeV - Nuclear Emulsion Experiment a Particle Detector

“…The other relevant details about the present experiments and target identifications may be seen in our earlier publications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In the measured interactions all charged secondary particles were classified according to the commonly accepted emulsion experiment terminology into following groups:…”

Intermittency Approach in the Nuclear Collisions of 28Si + AgBr at 14.6A GeV - Nuclear Emulsion Experiment a Particle Detector

“…The interactions due to beam tracks making an angle < 2  to the mean direction and lying in emulsion at depths > 35 m from either surface of the pellicles were included in the final statistics. The other relevant details about the present experiments and target identifications may be seen in our earlier publications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In the measured interactions all charged secondary particles were classified according to the commonly accepted emulsion experiment terminology into following groups:…”

Methodology of Wavelets in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions in One Dimensional Phase Space (&lt;i&gt;η&lt;/i&gt;-Space)

“…In the present paper, an attempt has been made to find the relationship between the stability of a theoretical model and experiment to study the collisions of relativistic heavy ion. This exercise has been made to perform the study of (E-by-E) spatial fluctuations of relativistic shower particles produced in the collisions of 28 Si + Em at energy 14.6A GeV in 1-D phase space of X -variable (the case η -space) [5]. The findings are compared with the predictions of Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model [6] [7].…”