Study of Consanguinity as a Risk Factor for Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric Age Group.

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are multifactorial in etiology. Consanguinity could increase the likelihood of Congenital Heart Disease. So, we studied correlation between parental consanguineous marriages with CHDs in children aged 0-12 years. Material and method:Conrmed cases of CHDs diagnosed by clinical examination and echocardiography in age group of 0- 12 years were enrolled in study group. Children without any CHDs matched for age but not for gender, ethnicity or social class were enrolled in control group. Results: During study period,50 patients (male 26, female 24) were enrolled in study group and 50 patients (male 27, female 23) in control group. In study group,43 (86%) parents of patients found to have consanguinity while in the control group, 20 (40%) parents of patients were found to have consanguinity. Most common congenital heart disease seen was Ventricular Septal Defect in 19 (38%) patients. Mortality rate was 8% in study group and 2% in control group. Conclusion:Most common age group in patients with CHD was 0-1 years. Male to female ratio was equal in (1.08:1) in patients with CHD. Commonest symptom in patients with CHD was respiratory distress and fever. Maximum CHD patient's parent had rd 3 degree consanguineous marriage. We found Consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital heart disease in Hindus and Muslims. Most common congenital heart disease was Ventricular Septal Defect. In the present study majority of the patients of CHD survived.