Study of compensatory growth based on different nutrition conditions of Bombyx mori

Dai, Minli; Feng, Piao; Mao, Tingting; Gu, Haoyi; Bian, Dandan; Sun, Hongjuan; Li, Fanchi; Wei, Jing; Li, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101948

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…According to Bhatia and Yousuf (2014), the availability of host plants with superior food quality can ensure good cocoon harvest in A. mylitta and silk yield. For optimal performance, larvae may resort to "compensatory feeding" as described for B. mori by Dai et al (2022). According to Bhatia and Yousuf (2014), this behavior may cause increased food consumption, longer feeding time, and extend larval duration during the second crop.…”

Section: In-vitro Assays To Determine Protease Inhibitory Activity In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability in foliar protein content and trypsin inhibitory levels in two host trees of tropical Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Drury

Bhardwaj¹,

Choudhary²,

Alam³

et al. 2023

JEB

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Aim: Variation in total soluble proteins and protease inhibitor levels were investigated to determine nutritional and plant defense status in different leaf types of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn., and Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oken, two host tree species of the economically important, non-mulberry Tasar silkworm, A. mylitta. Methodology: Quantitative spectrophotometric assays based on diagnostic amidolytic substrates were conducted to assess serine protease inhibitor activities in young, semi-mature and mature leaf types. A microplate quantification assay for total protein estimations was used with leaf types sampled over a year. Efficacy of total trypsin inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities detected in T. arjuna (a primary host plant) was further evaluated on gut extracts of fourth instar A. mylitta and Pieris brassicae L. (a Pierid pest of crucifers) to assess the physiological adaptation of larvae to dietary antifeedants. Molecular provenances with rbcL genes were obtained that are available as NCBI accessions #MN460810 for T. arjuna and #MT010554 for S. oleosa. Results: Intra-specific variations were evident in leaf phenology of two tree species. Generally, young leaf type of both tree species had high levels of total protein and trypsin inhibitory activities, while mature leaf type of T. arjuna had low total protein content and trypsin inhibitor levels. Mature leaf type of S. oleosa had low trypsin inhibitor levels during the months of July and August. Midgut proteases of A. mylitta and P. brassicae were significantly more susceptible (p≤0.05) to both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors detected in young and semi-mature leaf types of T. arjuna than the mature leaf type. Interpretation: In this study, differential inhibition of digestive proteases in A. mylitta and P. brassicae by protease inhibitors from different leaf types of T. arjuna, suggested adaptation to dietary antifeedants. Such reports on nutritional quality, foliar antifeedants, phenology and host plant utilization are relevant for strategies to domesticate the tropical Tasar silkworm, A. mylitta. Key words: Antheraea mylitta, Protease Inhibitors, Terminalia arjuna, Total protein, Tree phenology

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Section: In-vitro Assays To Determine Protease Inhibitory Activity In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability in foliar protein content and trypsin inhibitory levels in two host trees of tropical Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Drury

Bhardwaj¹,

Choudhary²,

Alam³

et al. 2023

JEB

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“…Although AD can be used to feed silkworm larvae at all instars (1st‐ to 5th‐instars), its high cost (Dai et al, 2022; Paudel et al, 2020) has led to universal recommendations for AD rearing at the 1st‐ to 3rd‐instars and ML rearing at the 4th‐ and 5th‐instar. However, AD rearing at the young stages (1st‐ to 3rd‐instars) of B. mori can lead to problems such as prolonged instars, smaller larvae body, and weak physique (Dong et al, 2018), while the mechanism has not yet been fully explained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of artificial diet breeding on intestinal microbial populations at the young stage of silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Shu

Wang

et al. 2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and serves as a model organism for Lepidoptera. To investigate the effects of the intestinal microbial population on the growth and development of larvae fed an artificial diet (AD) during the young stages, we analyzed the characteristics of the intestinal microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Our results revealed that the intestinal flora of the AD group tended to be simple by the 3rd‐instar, which Lactobacillus accounting for 14.85% and leading to a decreased pH in the intestinal fluid. In contrast, the intestinal flora of silkworms in the mulberry leaf (ML) group showed continuous growth of diversity, with Proteobacteria accounting for 37.10%, Firmicutes accounting for 21.44%, and Actinobacteria accounting for 17.36%. Additionally, we detected the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes at different instars and found that the activity of digestive enzymes in the AD group increased by larval instar. Protease activity in the AD group was lower during the 1st‐ to 3rd‐instars compared to the ML group, while α‐amylase and lipase activities were significantly higher in the AD group during the 2nd‐ and 3rd‐instar compared to the ML group. Furthermore, our experimental results indicated that changes in the intestinal population decreased the pH and affected the activity of proteases, which might contribute to the slower growth and development of larvae in the AD group. In summary, this study provides a reference for investigating the relationship between artificial diet and intestinal flora balance.

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“…5 (Zhang et al 2020), Zhong 2016 × Ri 2016 (Wu et al 2022), 5HT (A) (Nair et al 2011), have been successfully cultivated. However, silkworms raised on artificial diets have been reported to exhibit lower silk yield, lower cocoon shell rate (Shimura et al 2003, Tao et al 2022), and other issues, such as imbalanced amino acid ratios (Dong et al 2017, Tao et al 2022, Wu et al 2022), improved the amylase activity of digestive enzymes (Dai et al 2022), reduced DNA proliferation (Qin et al 2020), and susceptibility to infection with pathogens (Li et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of artificial diet rearing during all instars on silk secretion and gene transcription in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Silkworms (Bombyx mori) reared on artificial diets during all instars have the advantages of simplicity and efficiency, year-round production, and reduced risk of poisoning. However, low silk yield remains a challenge, limiting its industrial application. To address this issue, the spinning behavior, nutrient absorption, and transcriptomics of silkworms were investigated. Compared with silkworms reared on mulberry leaves during all instars, those fed with artificial diets showed significantly lower cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell rate, and silk gland tissue somatic index at the end of the fifth instar (P < 0.01). The spinning duration and crawling distance of silkworms reared on artificial diets were also significantly lower than those reared on mulberry leaves (P < 0.01). Regarding nutrient absorption, the dietary efficiency indexes of silkworms fed with artificial diets were significantly lower than those fed with mulberry leaves, except for the efficiency conversion of digesta to cocoon (P < 0.01). Further RNA-Seq analysis revealed 386 differentially transcribed genes between the 2 groups, with 242 upregulated and 144 downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that differential transcriptional genes were mainly enriched in organic acid metabolism, oxidation–reduction, and drug catabolism. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differential transcriptional genes were mainly enriched in genetic information processing and metabolism pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the silk secretion and can serve as a reference for future research and application of silkworms fed with artificial diets.

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Study of compensatory growth based on different nutrition conditions of Bombyx mori

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Temporal variability in foliar protein content and trypsin inhibitory levels in two host trees of tropical Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Drury

Temporal variability in foliar protein content and trypsin inhibitory levels in two host trees of tropical Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Drury

Effects of artificial diet breeding on intestinal microbial populations at the young stage of silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Effects of artificial diet rearing during all instars on silk secretion and gene transcription in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

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