Study of common aerobic flora of human cerumen

Campos, Ana Carolina da Cruz; Arias, Á.; Betancor, Laura; Rodrı́guez, Covadonga; Hernández, A. M.; Aguado, D. Lopez; Sierra, A.

doi:10.1017/s002221510014126x

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3 Campos et al found 10 6 microorganisms/ml in the suspension of cerumen. 2 Campos et al attributed this difference to the fact that the study was conducted in the Canary Islands, a subtropical region. They said that another factor that may justify their high count nding is fresh cerumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology of cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa and cases with open mastoidectomy cavities

et al. 2004

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This study investigated the common flora of human cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa, and subjects who had been operated on and had an open mastoidectomy cavity from chronic otitis media. Cerumen samples were collected from three groups; group A (n = 20) consisted of patients with recurrent otitis externa, group B (n = 20) consisted of patients with an open cavity and group C (n = 30) consisted of healthy subjects. The mean of the microbial count was 3.4 x 10(4) in group A, 3.08 x 10(4) in group B and 2.48 x 10(4) in group C. The most commonly isolated microorganism from the three groups was Staphylococcus epidermidis. No growth was observed in five cases (25 per cent) in group A and in three cases (10 per cent) in group C. In group B antimicrobial growth was observed in all samples. In 46 (65 per cent) of the cerumen samples, the isolates were monomicrobial and 24 (35 per cent) of the cerumen samples were polymicrobial. The isolates were polymicrobial in 65 per cent of group A, 20 per cent in group B and 23.3 per cent in group C. In the process of investigating the microbial flora of cerumen in all the three groups, microbial growth was observed from all the samples from patients with an open cavity, unlike the other groups, and it was determined that the group with recurrent external otitis had the most abundant microbial flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Ceruminous glands are modi ed apocrine sweat glands. There are approximately 1000 to 2000 ceruminous glands in a normally developed EAC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa and cases with open mastoidectomy cavities

et al. 2004

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“…Among these, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium spp. and Candida albicans seem of major importance, although the microbial spectrum may vary according to climatic conditions and to the length of time the cerumen has remained in the external auditory canal (Campos et al 1998). In this connection, it is of interest that most of the sugars found in the secretions of the ceruminous glands and the sebaceous glands in the pony may be liberated on the skin surface by microbial activities, and then gain the ability to inhibit the adherence of different bacteria and fungi to the epidermis (Meyer et al 2000(Meyer et al , 2001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of glycoconjugate production and lysozyme- and defensins-expression of the ceruminous glands of the horse ( Equus przewalskii f. dom.)

Yasui

Tsukise²,

Fukui³

et al. 2005

European Journal of Morphology

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The distribution of complex glycoconjugates and antimicrobial substances in the ceruminous glands of the horse (Equus przewalskii f. dom., type: pony) was studied using carbohydrate histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The epithelial cells and luminal secretion of these glands exhibited considerable amounts of glycoconjugates with various saccharide residues, such as alpha-D-mannose, alpha-L-fucose, beta-D-galactose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid, including O-acetylated sialic acid. Several sugars (alpha-D-mannose, alpha-L-fucose, and beta-D-galactose) were also detectable in the secretion of sebaceous glands present. Additionally, lysozyme and the peptide group of beta-defensins are demonstrated as products of the apocrine ceruminous glands and sebaceous glands. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the functional significance of the glandular secretions. It is suggested that the complex carbohydrates, lysozyme and beta-defensins found in the ceruminous gland secretions are involved in the function of cerumen as a general antimicrobial protective agent in the external auditory canal.

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“…[8,9] Absence of cerumen may lead to infection, such that cerumen serves an antimicrobial role by physically protecting the external auditory canal skin, establishing a low pH; thus an inhospitable environment for pathogens and producing antimicrobial compounds such as lysozyme, so that its absence leaves the canal vulnerable to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of antibacterial and antifungal properties of human cerumen

et al. 2012

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phenotypes. Current evidence stratifi es cerumen into two phenotypes: wet and dry. Wet cerumen, which is light or dark brown and sticky, is characterized by a relatively high concentration of lipid and pigment granules. Dry cerumen, which is grey or tan and brittle, tends to express lower levels of these components. [4] For example, dry wax contains around 20% lipid, compared to approximately 50% in wet cerumen. Besides this, the two forms show few other biochemical diff erences. Th ese two forms are associated with race and are controlled by two autosomal alleles. [5] Cerumen production seems to show neither discordance between sexes, nor marked differences over the years. However, the lack of marked diff erences over the year might ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of human cerumen on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Study Design: Prospective study Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and neck Surgery and Department of Microbiology, at a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India. Materials and Methods: Cerumen samples were collected from 120 healthy cases by using sterile Jobson Horn Probe. Sterile samples were taken and further tested. The bacterial strains were cultured on nutrient agar and Candida was grown on SDA. Serial 10 fold dilutions of the test organisms were made using normal saline acting as control and using 3.5% cerumen suspension as test and were incubated at 37°C for 12 hours. Subcultures were performed from test as well as control tubes to assess the inhibitory activity of human cerumen. Results: Of 120 samples, only sterile samples were tested. At dilutions of 1 in 10 3 there was complete inhibition of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all samples, complete inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in 83.3% samples and Candida albicans in 80% samples. The order of inhibition demonstrated by cerumen in the present study was Escherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusCandida albicans. Conclusion: Human cerumen has antibacterial and antifungal properties against the commonest bacterial and fungal pathogens. Other than the physical barrier, wax acts as protective coating over the external auditory canal. Hence, routine wax removal/ear cleaning is not mandatory unless impacted wax is leading to earache or conductive hearing loss.

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Study of common aerobic flora of human cerumen

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Microbiology of cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa and cases with open mastoidectomy cavities

Microbiology of cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa and cases with open mastoidectomy cavities

Aspects of glycoconjugate production and lysozyme- and defensins-expression of the ceruminous glands of the horse ( Equus przewalskii f. dom.)

A study of antibacterial and antifungal properties of human cerumen

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