Study of cold start air–fuel mixture parameters for spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–isobutanol blends

Perspectives of Biobutanol Production and Use

“…This, on the other hand, can bring an increase in emissions of unburned or partially burned fuel due to near zero efficiency of catalytic converter in the early period after engine start. Irimescu (2010) modelled the situation for gasoline/butanol mixtures at different ambient temperatures and successfully verified the results with those obtained in experiments with a port injection engine. The effect of butanol (or other alcohols) use in spark ignition engines depends also on the technique of fuel injection before its ignition in engine cylinder.…”

Effect of compression ratio on the emission, performance and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine fueled with iso-butanol/gasoline blends

“…The major advantage of iso-butanol compared to fossil fuels is that it can significantly reduce CO 2 emissions because it is obtained from biomass. Iso-butanol has higher density than other alcohols such as ethanol and methanol etc [6,7]. Therefore, it can be mixed into gasoline in greater concentrations without exceeding imposed Reid vapor pressure limits [8].…”

Fuel conversion efficiency of a port injection engine fueled with gasoline–isobutanol blends

“…The investigations performed by the author in earlier publications [22], were carried out with IB70 (70% isobutanol and 30% gasoline, volumetric concentrations) as the fuel blend with the maximum concentration of isobutanol and the characteristics of engine running were also found satisfactory without modifications to the fuel system. It was also seen that while using IB100 (pure isobutanol) fuel, starting the engine at ambient temperatures below w20 C was practically impossible.…”

“…Isobutanol has a very low saturation pressure, and air-fuel mixtures cannot be ignited at low temperatures, making it impossible to start the engine if ambient temperatures drop below w20 C [22,23]. While this is a disadvantage when compared to ethanol, isobutanol's low saturation pressure eliminates the problem of increased RVP (Reid vapor pressure) specific for short chains alcohols mixed with gasoline [24].…”