Study of cell apoptosis in the hippocampus and thalamencephalon in a ventricular fluid impact model

Chen, Rui; Wang, Junyu; Jiang, Bing; Wan, Xin; Liu, Hongwei; Liu, Huan; Yang, Xiaosheng; Wu, Xiaobing; Zou, Qin; Yang, Wenren

doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1342

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The programmed death cell or apoptotic process has a role in normal physiological processes such as morphogenesis, tissue remodelling, and resolution of the immune response ( 10 ). In addition, apoptotic changes in brain tissue samples have been found from animals ( 89 - 91 ) and humans ( 92 , 93 ) after a TBI. Besides, SIRS could appear after TBI ( 94 ) and this SIRS could activate the cellular death by apoptosis ( 95 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Lorente¹

2015

Arch Trauma Res

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Context:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death, disability, and resource consumption per year. There are two kinds of brain injury in TBI, primary and secondary injuries. Primary injury refers to the initial physical forces applied to the brain at the moment of impact. Secondary injury occurs over a period of hours or days following the initial trauma and results from the activation of different pathways such as inflammation, coagulation, oxidation, and apoptosis.Evidence Acquisition:This review focuses on new prognostic biomarkers of mortality in TBI patients related to inflammation, coagulation, oxidation, and apoptosis.Results:Recently circulating levels of substance P (SP), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokeratin (CK)-18 fragmented have been found to be associated with mortality in TBI patients. Substance P is a neuropeptide of the tachykinin family, mainly synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system, with proinflammatory effects when binding to their neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Soluble CD40 ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family that is released into circulation from activated platelets, exhibit proinflamatory, and procoagulant properties on binding to their cell surface receptor CD40. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-containing endoproteinases involved neuroinflammation and TIMP-1 is the inhibitor of some of them. Malondialdehyde is an end-product formed during lipid peroxidation due to degradation of cellular membrane phospholipids, that is released into extracellular space and finally into the blood. Cytokeratin -18 is cleaved by the action of caspases during apoptosis, and CK-18 fragmented is released into the blood.Conclusions:Circulating levels of some biomarkers, such as SP, sCD40L, TIMP-1, MDA, and CK-18 fragmented, related to inflammation, coagulation, oxidation, and apoptosis have been recently associated with mortality in patients with TBI. These biomarkers could help in the prognostic classification of the patients and open new research lines in the treatment of patients with TBI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Lorente¹

2015

Arch Trauma Res

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“…The rol of apoptosis in TBI remains unclear. However, there are data in animals [ 3 – 5 , 29 , 30 ] and human patients suggesting that apoptosis is present in TBI [ 6 , 7 ]. In a study with rats subjected to mild lateral fluid-percussion brain injury were found morphologic characteristics of apoptotic cell death in tissue homogenates [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study was performed a mild-moderate controlled cortical impact injury in mice and were found apoptotic changes in brain issues [ 4 ]. In a rabbit model study of ventricular fluid impact were found apoptotic changes in brain samples [ 5 ]. In TBI rat models were found a higher expression of pro-cell death genes (such as Bax) and a lower expression of anti-cell death genes (such as bcl-2 and bcl-xL) in brain tissue after TBI [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apoptotic process is one in which cells are actively eliminated via a programmed pathway during morphogenesis, tissue remodeling, and resolution of the immune response [ 2 ]. There have been found apoptotic changes in brain tissue samples from animals [ 3 – 5 ] and humans [ 6 , 7 ] after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, TBI may cause an systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [ 8 ] and SIRS could activate cellular apoptosis [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Levels of Caspase-Cleaved Cytokeratin-18 in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Are Associated with Mortality: A Pilot Study

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveThere have been found apoptotic changes in brain tissue samples from animals and humans after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The protein cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), present in epithelial cells, is cleaved by the action of caspases during apoptosis, and the resulting fragments are released into the blood as caspase-cleaved CK (CCCK)-18. Circulating levels of CCCK-18, as biomarker of apoptosis, have been determined in patients with different processes; however, it has not been explored in TBI patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between serum CCCK-18 levels and mortality and whether such levels could be used as a biomarker to predict outcomes in TBI patients.MethodsA prospective, observational, multicenter study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. We included patients with severe TBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9; and were excluded those patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects higher than 9. We measured serum CCCK-18 levels at admission. The end-point of the study was 30-day mortality.ResultsSurviving patients (n = 73) showed lower serum CCCK-18 levels (P = 0.003) than non-survivors (n = 27). On ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for serum CCCK-18 levels as predictor of 30-day mortality was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.59–0.78; P = 0.006). We found in survival analysis that patients with serum CCCK-18 higher than 201 u/L had higher 30-day mortality than patients with lower levels (Hazard ratio = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.81–8.34; P<0.001). Regression analyses showed that serum CCCK-18 levels higher than 201 u/L were associated with 30-day mortality (OR = 8.476; 95% CI = 2.087–34.434; P = 0.003) after controlling for age and GCS.ConclusionsThe novel finding of our study was that serum CCCK-18 levels are associated with 30-day mortality and could be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with severe TBI.

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“…Regarding cell apoptosis, the apoptosis of attached cells under fluid impact is a dynamic balance of continuous apoptosis and continuous detachment, and the cell populations maintain relatively stable proportions at different stages (20) Apoptotic cells, in particular those in the late stage, have a low adherence capacity and detach easily (21). In the present study, shaking led to apoptosis in the attached cells, which may result in the detachment of these cells from the flask wall and reduce the overall rate of apoptosis measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking improves the whole bone marrow adherent method of purification

Deng

Wang

Yang

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of mechanical shaking on the purity, activity, differentiation and possible apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Based on the whole bone marrow adhesion method, different durations and frequencies of mechanical shaking were used on primary cells. The biomarkers, CD29, CD90, CD45 and CD31, in addition to the apoptosis labels, annexin V-FITC and PI, were investigated using flow-cytometric analysis. The differentiation capability following purification was evaluated. Following shaking treatment, the purity of adherent cells increased, in particular there was an increase in CD29 and CD90 positive cells, with the majority of the detached cells negative for these two markers. In addition, the apoptotic rates increased with the increasing shaking duration and frequency. Furthermore, cells following shaking were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The shaking method allows for mesenchymal stem cells at to be obtained with higher positive rates of CD29 and CD90. In addition, horizontal shaking has little influence on cell activity or differentiation, with low levels of apoptosis occurring as a result of shaking.

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Study of cell apoptosis in the hippocampus and thalamencephalon in a ventricular fluid impact model

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

New Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

New Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Serum Levels of Caspase-Cleaved Cytokeratin-18 in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Are Associated with Mortality: A Pilot Study

Shaking improves the whole bone marrow adherent method of purification

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