Study of carbon-smectite composites and carbons obtained by in situ carbonization of polyfurfuryl alcohol

Study of Nanocomposites Obtained by Carbonization of Different Organic Precursors within Taeniolite Matrices

“…Their interlayer spacing decreased from 8.2-8.8 A to about 6.5 .~ after heat treatment, which is probably limited by the thickness of the carbon deposit present between the layers. Similar values were also observed for smectites used as the mineral host for template carbonization (Bandosz et al 1993;Bandosz et al 1994aBandosz et al , 1994b. On the other hand, taeniolite saturated with polypropylene glycol has lower thermal stability, and does not show a crystalline structure after heat treatment.…”

“…It has been previously reported (Bandosz et al 1994a(Bandosz et al , 1994b, that not only the size of the interlayer spacing in the inorganic host, but also the chemical composition and thermal behavior of the host-guest system can influence the mechanism of in-situ carbonization. These factors may determine the adsorption properties of the resulting carbon-mineral nanocomposites and/or template carbons.…”

“…This paper is a continuation of an ongoing study of the surface properties of materials obtained within mineral matrices. It was shown elsewhere, carbonization of polyfurfuryl alcohol within the structure of intercalated montmorillonites leads to the creation of microporous carbon and nanocomposites that possess sieving properties (Bandosz et al 1994a(Bandosz et al , 1994b. The objective of this present study is to use a synthetic mineral with a layered framework, for example, taeniolite, as a molecular container to obtain microporous materials.…”

“…One method that leads to production of porous materials (nanocomposites or carbons) has been developed recently using intracrystalline spaces of layered minerals for in-situ carbonization Bandosz et al 1993;Bandosz et al 1994aBandosz et al , 1994b. The idea is based on the template carbonization method (Oya et al 1986;Oya et al 1990;Seron et al 1993;Sonobe et al 1990;Kyotani et al 1994;Bandosz et al 1995).…”

From used montmorillonite to carbon monolayer–montmorillonite nanocomposites

“…Polymers have most often been used as precursor in previous studies. After calcining at high temperature (e.g., 400-900°C) under the protection of N 2 , the intercalated polymer can be transformed into carbon monolayer within the interlayer spaces of Mt (Bakandritsos et al, 2004(Bakandritsos et al, , 2005Bandosz et al, 1994Bandosz et al, , 1996Xu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2012). The resulting carbon monolayer-Mt nanocomposites themselves show special physicochemical properties and applications (Anadão et al, 2011;Bakandritsos et al, 2004Bakandritsos et al, , 2005Zhang et al, 2012), and can be used for synthesizing derivative nanomaterials as well (Xu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2012).…”