Study of Atrazine Effects on Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Haemocytes

Gagnaire, Béatrice; Renault, Tristan; Bouilly, Karine; Lapègue, Sylvie; Thomas, Hélène

doi:10.2174/1381612033392305

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the present study, an incubation time of 4 h was sufficient to detect the responses of haemocytes and harmful algal cells to co-incubation, confirming previous observations of in vitro interactions between bivalve haemocytes with harmful algal cells ) and chemical pollutants (Anderson et al 1997;Gomez-Mendikute et al 2002, Sauvé et al 2002Gagnaire et al 2003Gagnaire et al , 2004Gagnaire et al , 2006.…”

Section: Effects Of Bivalve Haemolymph On Algaesupporting

confidence: 91%

In vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs

et al. 2011

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have both lethal and sublethal impacts on shellfish. To understand the possible roles of haemocytes in bivalve immune responses to HABs and how the algae are affected by these cells (haemocytes), in vitro tests between cultured harmful algal species and haemocytes of the northern quahog (= hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria, the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria, the eastern and Pacific oysters Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were carried out. Within their respective ranges of distribution, these shellfish species can experience blooms of several HAB species, including Prorocentrum minimum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium minutum and Karenia spp.; thus, these algal species were chosen for testing. Possible differences in haemocyte variables attributable to harmful algae and also effects of haemolymph and haemocytes on the algae themselves were measured. Using microscopic and flow cytometric observations, changes were measured in haemocytes, including cell morphology, mortality, phagocytosis, adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as changes in the physiology and the characteristics of the algal cells, including mortality, size, internal complexity and chlorophyll fluorescence. These experiments suggest different effects of the several species of harmful algae upon bivalve haemocytes. Some harmful algae act as immunostimulants, whereas others are immunosuppressive. P. minimum appears to activate haemocytes, but the other harmful algal species tested seem to cause a suppression of immune functions, generally consisting of decreases in phagocytosis, production of ROS and cell adhesion and besides cause an increase in the percentage of dead haemocytes, which could be attributable to the action of chemical toxins. Microalgal cells exposed to shellfish haemolymph generally showed evidence of algal degradation, e.g. loss of chlorophyll fluorescence and modification of cell shape. Thus, in vitro tests allow a better understanding of the role of the haemocytes and the haemolymph in the defence mechanisms protecting molluscan shellfish from harmful algal cells and could also be further developed to estimate the effects of HABs on bivalve molluscs in vivo.

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Section: Effects Of Bivalve Haemolymph On Algaesupporting

confidence: 91%

In vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs

et al. 2011

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“…Flow cytometry protocols were as previously described (Gagnaire et al, 2003(Gagnaire et al, , 2004. For each sample, 3000 events were counted using an EPICS XL 4 (Beckman Coulter).…”

Section: Flow Cytometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant effects on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), hemocytes: Screening of 23 molecules using flow cytometry

et al. 2006

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The shellfish industry is an important economic activity in France, occurring mostly in estuarine zones subject to pollution due to anthropogenic activities. The harmful effects of pollutants on species inhabiting these estuarine zones are not well known. Among marine species, bivalve mollusks--particularly Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas--may serve a model of interest. The species is sedentary and filter-feeding, which favors bioaccumulation of pollutants in their tissues. Oysters may be suitable for studies on disturbance by pollutants of physiological activities, among which defense mechanisms are poorly documented in bivalves. In this study, effects of pollutants on hemocyte functions were monitored in Pacific oyster, C. gigas. Hemocytes were exposed in vitro to selected pollutants. The strategy for investigating the effects of pollutants on hemocyte functions is based on several biomarkers, which is more relevant than that of published papers based on single-endpoint experiments. Pollutants belonging to the most important groups of xenobiotics (PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides) were selected and their effect on hemocyte activities was analyzed using flow cytometry. Twenty-three pollutants were tested and eight of them showed significant modulation of hemocyte activities. PAHs and PCB 77 induced a decrease of hemocyte activity after an incubation periods of 4 and 24 h at 200 micro mol/L. Three pesticides (2,4D, paraoxon, and chlorothalonil) modulated hemocyte activities. A mixture of eight pesticides also decreased phagocytotic activity. This study is one of the first to investigate the effects of so many pollutants on hemocyte functions at the same time and therefore allows a real comparison of different pollutant effects.

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“…This result suggests that azamethiphos can modulate haemocyte function in mussels at environmentally relevant concentrations. At the contrary, Gagnaire et al (2003) reported no effect on cell viability, cell cycle and cellular activities except for peroxidase activity for Pacific cupped oyster haemocytes exposed to atrazine in in vitro and in vivo assays. Pentachlorophenol decreased the production of ROS by the inhibition of NADPH production in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Baier- .…”

Section: Immunotoxicity In Marine Bivalves and Susceptibilty To Infecmentioning

confidence: 87%

Study of Atrazine Effects on Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Haemocytes

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

In vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs

In vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs

Pollutant effects on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), hemocytes: Screening of 23 molecules using flow cytometry

Effects of Pesticides on Marine Bivalves: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

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