Study of Aquilaria crassna Wood as an Antifungal Additive to Improve the Properties of Natural Rubber as Air-Dried Sheets

Nun‐anan, Phattarawadee; Suchat, Sunisa; Mahathaninwong, Narissara; Chueangchayaphan, Narong; Karrila, Seppo; Limhengha, Suphatchakorn

doi:10.3390/polym13234178

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, concentrated latex sheets (HA and LA) do not show fungal growth as these compounds have been removed during the concentration process. This finding is consistent with previous research that has shown that fungal growth is easily facilitated on raw rubber sheets [ 39 ]. Fungal growth on rubber sheets can lead to inferior properties and an unpleasant odor from raw natural rubber (NR) and from products made from it, and it can also cause environmental concerns.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

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Common kitchen wraps like plastic and aluminum foil create significant environmental burdens. Plastic wrap, typically made from non-renewable fossil fuels, often ends up in landfills for centuries, breaking down into harmful microplastics. Aluminum foil, while effective, requires a large amount of energy to produce, and recycling it at home can be impractical due to food residue. A promising new alternative, low-nitrosamine rubber wrap film, aims to reduce waste by offering a reusable option compared to traditional single-use plastic wrap. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either the fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting the rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap films. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength of at least 15 MPa, elongation at break of at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. Performance tests revealed the rubber wrap film’s superior sealing capabilities. Its elasticity allows for a tighter fit on containers, effectively conforming to various shapes and creating an optimal seal compared to plastic wrap and aluminum foil. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

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“…during the concentration process. This finding is consistent with previous research that has shown that fungal growth is easily facilitated on raw rubber sheets [29]. Fungal growth on rubber sheets can lead to inferior properties and an unpleasant odor from raw natural rubber (NR) and from products made from it, and it can also cause environmental concerns.…”

Section: The Levels Of Nitrosamines In Fresh Latex and Concentrated L...supporting

confidence: 92%

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Preprint

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The rubber wrap film is a promising new product that could have a positive impact on the en-vironment. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap film. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength at least 15 MPa, elongation at break at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. In actual use tests it was found that the translucent rubber wrap sealed containers more tightly than a PE plastic film or aluminum foil, because of its elasticity. This allows the rubber film to conform to the shape of the container more closely, creating a tighter seal. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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“…The natural fillers used in latex foam include ash materials (Rattanaplome 2012), oil bran (Moonchai and Aimrat 2013), rice husk powder (Ramasamy et al 2013), egg shells (Bashir et al 2017), kenaf (Karim et al 2018), kenaf peel (Kudori et al 2019), sugarcane straw (Tomyangkul et al 2016), oil palm fiber (Lim et al 2018), and agarwood-waste . Researchers are additionally interested in using agarwood pellets, that are waste from a distillation process (Limhengha et al 2021), as well as agarwood waste from the distillation (Yangthong et al 2021;Faibunchan et al 2022;Nun-anan et al 2021) as fillers in natural rubber latex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and cost of natural rubber latex foam using biomass ash filler from agarwood pellets

Limhengha,

Chueangchayaphan,

Karrila

et al. 2023

BioRes

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The purpose of this work was to add value to biomass ash, which is a waste product from combustion of agarwood pellets as fuel. Ash was used as filler in accordance with the Bio-Circular-Green economy model to reduce the cost of manufacture of natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) produced with the Dunlop technique. The agarwood pellet biomass fuel was heated in an incinerator at 700 to 750 °C for 6 h to start the process. The mixture was then passed through a 120-mesh sieve after ball milling for 72 h. The next step involved dispersing 10% agarwood pellet biomass ash (APBA) at 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5 phr loadings in latex. This was followed by other actions such as visual inspection of the foaming and gelling stages. The influence of APBA loading on density, hardness, compression set and morphological properties of NRLF were investigated, and also the cost of production was estimated. The findings revealed that NRLF with 1.5 phr of APBA exhibited good physical properties, having a smooth surface and small foam cells. Moreover, the compression set properties of NRLF with 1.5 phr APBA comply with the Thai Industrial Product Standard (TIS 173-2529) for NRLF (Industrial Product Standard Act, 1986). Regarding the production costs, they were below those of filler- free NRLF by 0.03 USD/kg.

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Study of Aquilaria crassna Wood as an Antifungal Additive to Improve the Properties of Natural Rubber as Air-Dried Sheets

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Properties and cost of natural rubber latex foam using biomass ash filler from agarwood pellets

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