Study of antibiotics resistance in bacteria isolated from retailed eggshell in three major markets in Minna, Nigeria

Abstract

Food borne disease associated with inappropriately treated or untreated eggs is a major public health problem affecting developing and developed countries. This study isolated, identified and determined the Antibiogram of bacteria isolates from eggshell of eggs obtained from three major markets in Minna, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) duplicate egg samples were purchased from egg retailers. The egg samples were analyzed for the enumeration and isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test to prescribed commercially available antibiotic discs was also investigated. The total viable bacteria count (TVBC) ranged from 1.38×104 - 2.52×104 cfu/mL while the total coliform count (TCC) ranged from 8.5×103 - 2.02×104 cfu/mL. Escherichia coli (9.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes (4.5%), Enterococcus sp. (4.5%), Shigella sp. (13.6%), Salmonella sp. (13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (36.4%), Clostridium sp. (9.1%) and Neisseria sp. (9.1%) were isolated and identified from eggshells. Gram positive bacteria showed highest sensitivity to gentamycin (100%) however, resist cloxacillin, ceftadizime and erythromycin (100%). Similarly, there was no ciprofloxacin resistant Gram-negative bacteria though E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. isolated from eggshells were resistant to augmentin and amoxicillin. Further analysis of result revealed that all the isolated bacteria from eggshells were multidrug resistant except Neisseria sp. with multidrug resistant index greater than 0.2. The fact that these antibiotic resistant bacteria can be transferred to humans is of public health concern. Therefore, stringent use of public health regulations for cleaning eggs before retailing is advocated.

Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolated from Table Eggs in Morocco

“…Several studies on different parts of the world, including Bangladesh (Haque et al, 2021), India (Arathy et al, 2009), Egypt (Mansour et al, 2015), Nigeria (Adabara et al, 2020), and South Africa (Jambalang et al, 2017) have revealed the presence of E. coli in table eggs. The same prevalence of E. coli in egg shells found in this study was previously reported in farm eggs in Nigeria (9.1%, Adabara et al, 2020). Regarding the egg shells, the prevalence of E. coli was detected in Zambia (Kapena et al, 2020), and Thailand (Siriporn et al, 2015).…”

“…Regarding the egg shells, the prevalence of E. coli was detected in Zambia (Kapena et al, 2020), and Thailand (Siriporn et al, 2015). Besides, E. coli was isolated from egg contents in several previous studies conducted in Trinidad, Egypt, and Nigeria (Adesiyun et al, 2005;Mansour et al, 2015;Adabara et al, 2020).…”

“…Then, the egg contents (3 eggs) were decanted and pooled into a sterile stomacher bag before finally being mixed manually for 30 seconds to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Both swabs and a mixture of egg contents were used separately to inoculate 9 ml of water peptone buffer and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours (Adabara et al, 2020).…”

“…Of the 6 antibiotics, isolated E. coli showed the greatest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, followed by gentamycin and kanamycin. Some studies have reported sensitivity to these antibiotics at a rate of 100% for each (Ashish and Rajesh, 2017;Islam et al, 2018;Adabara et al, 2020).…”

Bacteriological Quality of Table Eggs in Moroccan Formal and Informal Sector

“…In addition, Nigerian eggs analysis from supermarkets (formal sector) has revealed the presence of E. coli , Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus ; in contrast to our study, Shigella spp. was also detected [ 14 ]. Moreover, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp.…”