Study of Androgenic Plant Families of Alloplasmic Introgression Lines (H. vulgare) –T. aestivum and the Use of Sister DH Lines in Breeding

Abstract

One of the limitations in obtaining the genetic diversity of doubled haploid (DH) lines via anther culture is the development of families of regenerants, and each family represents a clone. This work examines the results of studying this phenomenon in anther culture of alloplasmic (H. vulgare)–T. aestivum and euplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations and hybrids between them. Parameters of androgenesis such as the number of embryo-like structures, the total number of regenerants, and the number of green regenerants per 100 anthers varied depending on the genotype. In all genotypes from embryo-like structures, predominant development of families of plantlets rather than single plantlets was found. The source of family plantlets was polyembryos. About 75% of families consisted of regenerants at the same fertility level. On average, 37.74%4% of the R0 plants were fertile. The sister DH lines of three hybrid combinations were formed from seeds of R1 plants (2n = 42) with high fertility and in the presence of wheat–alien translocations. After four years of breeding trials, the sister DH lines of three families with fungal disease resistance increased yield, and some parameters of grain quality exceeding the controls were identified as promising for breeding.

Study of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) breeding material potential for (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)androgenesis

“…due to secondary embryogenesis or an ELS developing into polyembryoids (structures with several shoot growth points (Seldimirova, 2009;Pershina et al, 2020)). Both mechanisms produce clones or sister plants.…”

Plant breeding is the food security basis in the Russian Federation

“…We try to find out why leading breeding schools in Russia insufficiently and reluctantly employ recent discoveries in molecular biology, biotechnology, and IT technologies. Presently, significant breeding achievements reached by using molecular methods exist in Russia (Bespalova et al, 2012;Pershina et al, 2020;among others). Promising studies opening up fresh opportunities for breeding are being conducted.…”

“…In contrast, their views on breeding itself (analysis of breeding material and selection process) are similar. Molecular methods are currently used to accelerate selection in the stabilization of breeding material (Adonina et al, 2021), its homozygotization (Pershina et al, 2020), and so on. The raise of promising breeding material can be accelerated by removing the germplasm of wild species from the progeny of introgression hybrids (Leonova et al, 2020); thereby, fragments of alien genetic material can be reduced in the genome of a species to breed (Adonina et al, 2021).…”

Resource potential of soft spring wheat varieties for the conditions of Western Siberia and Omsk region (analytical review)

“…К таким селекционным достижениям относятся: Тарская 12, Столыпинская 2 (среднеранние), Зауральская Использование аллоплазматических интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы, несущих цитоплазму культурного ячменя Hordeum vulgare L., позволило Омскому АНЦ совместно с ФИЦ Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН создать сорта Сигма, Уралосибирская 2, Ишимская 11 и Сакмара, характеризующиеся высоким уровнем устойчивости к стеблевой и бурой ржавчинам и среднимк мучнистой росе. Эти сорта созданы путем скрещивания аллоплазматической линии ДГ(1)-17 с линией Com37 (CIMMYT), источником пшенично-ржаной транслокации 1RS.1BL с комплексом генов (Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8) [33,34].…”