“…PAP supports airways by imposing a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to hold airways open at end-expiration [15 , 18] . Automated PEEP titration algorithms reduce clinical-contact time required to optimise treatment [19] , [20] , [21] . However, they are predominantly set using an apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) based on binary identification of abnormalities, and thus only respond to full airway closures, rather than precursor events or partial obstructions, which still affect sleep and respiration [19 , 20 , 22] .…”