Study of a two-stage growth of DHA-producing marine algae Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 with shifting dissolved oxygen level

Chi, Zhanyou; Liu, Yan; Frear, Craig; Chen, Shulin

doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1740-7

Cited by 134 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Many species have also been reported to grow heterotrophically on ethanol (Ogbonna et al 1998;Yokochi et al 1998), lactose, galactose and mannose (Liang et al 2009), and molasses (Andrade and Costa 2007). Schizochytrium limacinum produced palmitic acid (16:0) as 45-60 % of their dry weight when supplied with glucose, fructose, or glycerol (Yokochi et al 1998;Chi et al 2009). The effectiveness of these carbon sources varies with the species as well as on the culture conditions such as the light intensity, the pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and on the presence of other carbon sources.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Sources For Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Culmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Concentrations of glycerol used ranged from 3 to 12 % (Yokochi et al 1998), while Liang et al (2009) reported that 1 or 2 % glycerol resulted in a higher lipid content of microalgae compared to the value obtained with 5 % glycerol. The tolerable concentration of glycerol is within the range of 0.7-10 % (Chi et al 2009). The optimum cassava starch hydrolysate concentration for cell growth and lipid accumulation was 5 g/L, but the values were not significantly different from those obtained with 10 g/L.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Sources For Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Culmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Potentials of Exploiting Heterotrophic Metabolism for Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae

Ogbonna

Moheimani

2015

Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies

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The current prices of microalgae oils are much higher than oils from higher plants (vegetable oils) mainly due to the high cost of photoautotrophic cultivation of microalgae. However, many strains of microalgae can also grow and produce oil using organic carbons, as the carbon source under dark (heterotrophy) or light conditions (mixotrophy). Lipid productivities of most strains of microalgae are higher in culture systems that incorporate heterotrophic metabolisms (presence of organic carbon source) than under photoautotrophic conditions. This is because for many strains, cell growth rates and final cell concentrations are higher in heterotrophic cultures than in photoautotrophic cultures. Furthermore, in some cases, the oil contents of the cells are also higher in cultures incorporating heterotrophic metabolisms. It has also been reported for some strains that the quality of oil produced in the presence of organic carbon sources are more suitable for biodiesel oil production than those produced under photoautotrophic conditions. Thus, heterotrophy can be used to reduce the cost of biodiesel oil production, but the effectiveness of the various organic carbons in supporting cell growth and oil accumulation depends on the strain and other culture conditions. Use of wastewaters for cultivation of microalgae can further substantially reduce the cost of production (since they contain carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients) and also reduce the requirement for freshwater. Generally, many factors such as nitrogen limitation, phosphate limitation, silicon limitation, control of pH, and low temperature can be used to increase oil accumulation, although their effectiveness depends on the strain and other culture conditions.

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Section: Organic Carbon Sources For Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Culmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Organic Carbon Sources For Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Culmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potentials of Exploiting Heterotrophic Metabolism for Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae

Ogbonna

Moheimani

2015

Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies

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“…Moreover, there are emerging concerns with sustainability of marine resources and with the levels of environmental contaminants (PCBs, dioxins and mercury) in fish. Thus, major efforts have been made to identify or create alternative sources as the current sole main source of DHA may not provide a steady supply for the increasing market demands (Chi et al, 2009;Hauvermale et al, 2006). Since fish obtain n-3 fatty acids from zooplankton which consumes algae, studies now are being diverted to production of DHA directly from its primary source, microalgae (Vazhappilly and Chen, 1998).…”

Section: Ajasmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMPROVED PREDICTION FOR MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION USING FACTORIAL SCREENING FOR DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID PRODUCTION BY <i>SCHIZOCHYTRIUM</i> SP. SW1

Manikan¹

2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Docosa Hexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid that plays major role in human health. It is typically extracted from fatty fish and this puts pressure on global fish stock. DHA obtained from fish is also prone to contamination. Schizochytrium is a potential alternative source, having the ability of accumulating considerable amounts of DHA. Modification of medium components and culture conditions are the preferred techniques to enhance DHA production by this marine microalga. In this study, two-level factorial design was employed to investigate the significance of sea salt, glucose, yeast extract, Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) and peptone in affecting the biomass, lipid and DHA accumulation processes of a locally isolated strain of Schizochytrium. In contrast to the conventional ANOVA method commonly employed in various screening studies, half normal probability plots were used to identify the significant factors, whereas interaction plots were used to explain the pattern of interaction between significant combinations. Design Expert software was used to construct a set of experiments where each medium component mentioned above was varied over two levels. Cultivation was carried out in 250 mL flasks containing 50 mL of medium, incubated at 30°C with 200 rpm agitation for 96 h. This experiment revealed that sea salt and interaction of glucose-MSG have significant effect on biomass production whereas sea salt and interaction of sea salt-glucose affected lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, interactions of glucose-yeast extract and glucose-MSG have significant effect on DHA accumulation. Detailed analysis of interaction plots enabled deeper understanding of the behavior of the system in response to the significant variables, which improves the precision in determination of variable domains for effective medium optimization.

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“…Li et al 2008;Chi et al 2009). Control of nitrogen source availability is a well-documented form of manipulation (Flynn et al 1992;Navarro-Angulo & Robledo 1999).…”

Section: Optimization Of Microalgal Growth and Production Of Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

Greenwell

Laurens

Shields

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

714

359

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Microalgae provide various potential advantages for biofuel production when compared with 'traditional' crops. Specifically, large-scale microalgal culture need not compete for arable land, while in theory their productivity is greater. In consequence, there has been resurgence in interest and a proliferation of algae fuel projects. However, while on a theoretical basis, microalgae may produce between 10-and 100-fold more oil per acre, such capacities have not been validated on a commercial scale. We critically review current designs of algal culture facilities, including photobioreactors and open ponds, with regards to photosynthetic productivity and associated biomass and oil production and include an analysis of alternative approaches using models, balancing space needs, productivity and biomass concentrations, together with nutrient requirements. In the light of the current interest in synthetic genomics and genetic modifications, we also evaluate the options for potential metabolic engineering of the lipid biosynthesis pathways of microalgae. We conclude that although significant literature exists on microalgal growth and biochemistry, significantly more work needs to be undertaken to understand and potentially manipulate algal lipid metabolism. Furthermore, with regards to chemical upgrading of algal lipids and biomass, we describe alternative fuel synthesis routes, and discuss and evaluate the application of catalysts traditionally used for plant oils. Simulations that incorporate financial elements, along with fluid dynamics and algae growth models, are likely to be increasingly useful for predicting reactor design efficiency and life cycle analysis to determine the viability of the various options for largescale culture. The greatest potential for cost reduction and increased yields most probably lies within closed or hybrid closed -open production systems.

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Study of a two-stage growth of DHA-producing marine algae Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 with shifting dissolved oxygen level

Cited by 134 publications

References 23 publications

Potentials of Exploiting Heterotrophic Metabolism for Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae

Potentials of Exploiting Heterotrophic Metabolism for Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae

IMPROVED PREDICTION FOR MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION USING FACTORIAL SCREENING FOR DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID PRODUCTION BY <i>SCHIZOCHYTRIUM</i> SP. SW1

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

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