Study of 5G-NR-MIMO Links in the Presence of an Interferer

Abstract

Many communication systems are based on the Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme, and Orthogonal Space–time Block Transmit diversity Coding (OSTBC), combined with Maximal Ratio Receive Combining (MRRC), to create an optimal diversity system. A system with optimal diversity fixes and optimizes the channel’s effects under multi-path and Rayleigh fading with maximum energy efficiency; however, the challenge does not end with dealing with the channel destruction of the multi-path impacts. Susceptibility to interference is a significant vulnerability in future wireless mobile networks. The 5th Generation New Radio (5G-NR) technologies bring hundreds of small cells and pieces of User Equipment (UE) per indoor or outdoor local area scenario under a specific Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based station (e-NodeB), or under 5G-NR base-station (g-NodeB). It is necessary to study issues that deal with many interference signals, and smart jammers from advanced communication equipment cause deterioration in the links between the UE, the small cells, and the NodeB. In this paper, we study and present the significant impact and performances of 2×2 Alamouti Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) modulation techniques in the presence of an interferer and a smart jammer. The destructive effects affecting the MIMO array and the advanced diversity technique without closed-loop MIMO are analyzed. The performance is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR). In addition, we proved the impairment of the orthogonal spectrum assumption mathematically.

Compact and high gain cup-shaped 4-Port MIMO antenna using low profile material for the sub-6 GHz, IoT and military applications

“…It is possible to aggregate the carriers across the spectrum simultaneously. As interest in 5 G grows, it will be necessary for communication networks to provide full access to consumer devices that are directly connected to the 5 G central network [3]. Through a multi-network connection, users will be able to achieve a data throughput of one gigabit per second [4].…”

Shared-Aperture 24–28 GHz Waveguide Antenna Array

“…In recent years, the specification of frequency bands for 5G systems has been released, including, e.g., the 24.25-27.50 GHz frequency subband [6]. It is well recognized that, at these high frequencies, wireless links suffer from substantial free-space loss and potential blockage of a communication path, which significantly degrades the signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio [7,8]. On the other hand, the links in the small cells are considered to be mostly line-of-sight [9].…”