Study of 1D Titanate‐Based Materials –New Modification of the Synthesis Procedure and Surface Properties‐Recent Applications

Abstract

This paper represents a general study of titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) which are among the most important materials in the field of catalysis. This research work covers more than 100 publications about the formulation, characterisation and most recent applications of TiNTs. TiNTs can be prepared by different methods, namely the anodic deposition, sol-gel template synthesis and alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The present study focuses on the preparation of this tubular structure by alkaline treatment, using the latest and most recent processes that have been introduced in this method (stirring, acid nature, annealing temperature, etc). The surface properties, such as the point of zero charge (P.Z.C), acid-base nature and light absorption, of TiNTs are also evoked. In the end, some recent and important TiNTs applications in the field of renewable energies are reported (H 2 production and methanation). In addition, NO reduction, CO oxidation, photocatalysis and organic synthesis are also mentioned. Therefore, it may be said that this paper is a structured study about TiNTs for the purpose of making the reader aware of their importance, understand their synthesis, and know their scope of applications. To conclude, the most important data, acquired through various characterization techniques, are provided.[a] Dr.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Anticorrosion of Mild Steel by Vanadium Modified Titanate Nanotubes (X%V‐TiNTs)

“…The particles have typically the same size with important porosity which is related to the hollow structure of nanotubes having a very high amount of pores; in their structure and between them. [4,42] EDS analysis shows the simultaneous presence of Ti and V confirming the presence of vanadium in all cases. The presence of Na is noticed in all samples resulting of the hydrothermal treatment with NaOH.…”

“…These values are close to those evoked in the literature varying from 0.70 nm to 1.70 nm. [4,42] Figure 3 displays the RD/UV-Vis spectra of the layered materials. All materials exhibit intense absorption at λ < 400 nm related to titanium species.…”

“…All materials exhibit intense absorption at λ < 400 nm related to titanium species. [4,42,45] The presence of vanadium in the case of X%V-TiNTs materials leads a red shift of the absorbance. The red shift of absorption edge can be related to the transition of electrons from the valence band (O2p) to the t2 g level of V3d orbit as the radius of V is comparatively smaller than Ti (0.059 and 0.068 nm, respectively) which makes the Ti and O distance less important.…”

“…[1][2][3] It is known not only as a powerful photocatalyst applied for the degradation of pollutants, but also as a hydrophilic UV sensitive surface conversion agent which is used on various industrial items such as selfcleaning exterior tiles and anti-fog mirrors. [4][5][6] However, titania is well known as a good self-cleaning coating acquires high transmittance, important photocatalytic activity, strong wet ability by water, excellent adhesion to the surface of substrate, and good rupture resistance. [5,7] The main drawback of titania is the high band gap energy (Eg � 3.2 eV) which limit its work only under UV illumination but not under visible light.…”

“…[4][5][6]8,9] Titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) are one of the popular photocatalysts and their usage has widely been found based on the environmental governance as it shows excellent chemical stability, low cost and non-toxicity. [4,[10][11][12] The potential applications of TiNTs catalyst include water treatment, [13,14] air purification [4] and also as raw material in a coating. [15][16][17][18][19] It is known that V and Ti acquire the same electronic configuration in their outer layer.…”