Study Distribute Pathogens of Tick-Borne Infections, Transmitted of Ticks in the South of the Far East

The two ixodid tick species Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) and Dermacentor silvarum Olenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia, within the belt of 34−60 • N latitude. Whilst the distribution area of D. reticulatus extends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that of D. silvarum extends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the two Dermacentor species overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferenced D. reticulatus and 522 D. silvarum locations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the two Dermacentor species are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution of D. reticulatus under different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution of D. silvarum shows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%). Dermacentor silvarum seems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summers D. reticulatus does not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of both Dermacentor species. For the first time, the entire distribution areas of D. reticulatus and D. silvarum were mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.

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“… Lyme borreliosis D Russia Leonova et al. ( 2015 ) D Russia Dragomeretskaya et al. ( 2018 ) D Russia Pukhovskaya et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muris-FL Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis D Russia Leonova et al. ( 2015 ) Francisella tularensis Tularaemia Russia Olsufiev and Petrov ( 1967 ) Russia Balashov ( 1972 ) Russia Filippova ( 1997 ) Russia Kudryavtseva et al. ( 2018 ) D China Zhang et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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“…The causative agents of these infections (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia spp., Anaplasma spp. Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia) are also actively detected in natural foci of Primorsky Territory (southern Far East) [5,6]. The attention of researchers is aimed at identifying cases of mixed infection of people, as well as ticks, with pathogens of natural focal infections [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection in the Tick Microbiome and in Humans as a Natural Process of Co-cultivation of Tick-Borne Pathogens<strong> </strong>

Leonova,

Belikov,

Popov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The identification of a new virus Kiparis-144 (KiparisV) in a half-fed tick I persulcatus, removed from a person in the south of the Russian Far East, determined the goal of further research - to study its role in human pathology and the characteristics of its behavior in the tick microbiome. An ELISA study of 439 blood samples from people affected by tick bites indicated a fairly frequent (up to 16.4±1.7%) encounter of people with the KiparisV virus in the territory of natural foci of the Primorsky Territory. It has been shown that this virus, when mono-infected, can cause clinical symptoms characteristic of acute respiratory diseases. During co-infection under the influence of the KiparisV, there was an increase in the activity of Borrelia spp. with the constant production of antibodies to them only of the IgM class and clinical symptoms of Lyme disease for one year (observation period). Electron microscopy of the KiparisV found in a tick removed from a patient showed a picture of the relationship of the KiparisV (up to 100 nm in size) with unknown representatives of the tick microbiome - pathogens of a viral or bacterial nature. In a comparative aspect, a similar electron microscopic picture of the interaction of the KiparisV virus with a known pathogen of viral nature, the ectromelia virus (ECTV), is presented. The importance of the electron microscopy method in describing the tick microbiome is shown. Thus, it has been established that when co-cultivated in the system the helper-virus KiparisV probably tends to use another pathogen of the tick microbiome for its reproduction, influencing its pathogenicity.

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“…этот характер различий прослеживается уже на протяжении нескольких лет и предполагает необходимость более детального изучения факторов эпизоотического и эпидемического процессов по инфекциям, передающимся иксодовыми клещами. в настоящее время на о. русском массово встречаются четыре вида иксодовых клещей: Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930, I. pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946, Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844, H. japonica douglasi Nuttall et Warburton, 1915 [7][8][9][10]. доминируют I. persulcatus (таежный клещ) и I. pavlovskyi -основные переносчики вируса клещевого энцефалита и боррелий на территории россии [1,2].…”

unclassified

“…3 отражен характер распределения по трем участкам о. русского двух видов рода Ixodes, представленные на рис. 3 данные подтверждают ранее установленный факт [8][9][10] сосуществования в различных биотопах о. русского I. persulcatus и I. pavlovskyi. также видно, что структура геновидов боррелий, циркулирующих на разных участках, не одинакова и определяется соотношением в комплексе видов иксодид двух основных переносчиков боррелий.…”

unclassified

Role of <em>Ixodes Pavlovskyi</em> (Acari, Ixodidae) in Borreliosis Epizootic Process at the Island Russky

Nikitin

Сабитова

Рар

et al. 2021

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The incidence of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) at the Island Russky (Primorsk Territory) is higher than at the mainland. There is a bidominant structure of the tick population with mass occurrence of Ixodes persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi at the island. Due to the higher infectivity and aggressiveness of I. persulcatus, it is suggested that it plays a key role in high activity of the ITBB focus at the island.The aim of the study: to characterize the role of I. pavlovskyi in the borreliosis epizootic process based on the study of the structure of the borrelia genotype complex isolated from Ixodes ticks at the Island Russky.Materials and methods. The ticks were collected from vegetation at three sites. Ixodide species were determined morphologically and using PCR for mitochondrial gene cox1 and nuclear multicopy locus ITS2. Infection of 233 ticks was analyzed with the species identification confirmed by all methods. Borrelia genospecies were determined by multiplex two-round PCR with the primers specific to the gene fragments 5S and 23S rRNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex.Results and discussion. Coexistence of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi at the island was confirmed, with different ratios in space and a gradual increase in the proportion of the latter species. The circulation of three etiological agents of ITBB: Borrelia garinii (predominantly in I. pavlovskyi), B. bavariensis and B. afzelii (in I. persulcatus) was identified. Thus, an active natural focus of ITBB has formed at the island, probably including two uninsulated chains of borrelia circulation. One chain combines I. persulcatus and small and large mammals as the tick feeders. The second – I. pavlovskyi that can feed on mammals and birds. Due to the spatial variability of the ixodide population structure at different sections of the island, the ratio of the circulating borrelia species can change, and this species becomes the main vector of the pathogenic agents in areas of I. pavlovskyi absolute dominance.

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Study Distribute Pathogens of Tick-Borne Infections, Transmitted of Ticks in the South of the Far East

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Co-infection in the Tick Microbiome and in Humans as a Natural Process of Co-cultivation of Tick-Borne Pathogens<strong> </strong>

Role of <em>Ixodes Pavlovskyi</em> (Acari, Ixodidae) in Borreliosis Epizootic Process at the Island Russky

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