Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes in Patients Treated with Ramipril and Vitamin E: SECURE**This study was supported by Research Grant Ul-12363 from the Medicine Research Council of Canada, Ottawa; and by Hoechst Marion Roussel, Laval, Canada, Inc.

Lonn, Eva; Yusuf, Salim; Doris, C. Ian; Sabine, M.J; Džavík, Vladimir; Hutchison, K.J.; Riley, Ward A.; Tucker, Jessica Janice; Pogue, Janice; Taylor, William C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00467-5

Cited by 34 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Standardised CUS scanning and reading protocols are used following a similar protocol to the ACAPS 47–49 and SECURE 50 51 trials, which was validated in ACAPS. 49 CUS imaging and reading is performed by two trained and certified sonographers who are unaware of the treatment assignment on a Philips iU22 Ultrasound system (Philips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts, USA) at Sunnybrook.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

et al. 2016

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IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2DM) produces macrovascular and microvascular damage, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal failure and blindness. As rates of T2DM rise, the need for effective dietary and other lifestyle changes to improve diabetes management become more urgent. Low-glycaemic index (GI) diets may improve glycaemic control in diabetes in the short term; however, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term adherence to low-GI diets, as well as on the association with surrogate markers of CVD beyond traditional risk factors. Recently, advances have been made in measures of subclinical arterial disease through the use of MRI, which, along with standard measures from carotid ultrasound (CUS) scanning, have been associated with CVD events. We therefore designed a randomised, controlled, clinical trial to assess whether low-GI dietary advice can significantly improve surrogate markers of CVD and long-term glycaemic control in T2DM.Methods and analysis169 otherwise healthy individuals with T2DM were recruited to receive intensive counselling on a low-GI or high-cereal fibre diet for 3 years. To assess macrovascular disease, MRI and CUS are used, and to assess microvascular disease, retinal photography and 24-hour urinary collections are taken at baseline and years 1 and 3. Risk factors for CVD are assessed every 3 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and consent form have been approved by the research ethics board of St. Michael's Hospital. If the study shows a benefit, these data will support the use of low-GI and/or high-fibre foods in the management of T2DM and its complications.Trial Registration numberNCT01063374; Pre-results.

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Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

et al. 2016

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“…Subjects had their CIMT measured by high-resolution carotid artery ultrasounds. CIMT was assessed by calculating the mean of 12 CIMT measurements, located 1 and 2 cm above the carotid bifurcation, and 1 cm below, as previously described [11,37]. The images were videotaped and analyzed by computer-assisted software at the Hamilton General Site, Hamilton Health Sciences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images were videotaped and analyzed by computer-assisted software at the Hamilton General Site, Hamilton Health Sciences. This is a standardized technique, which has been validated in clinical trials, demonstrating high inter- and intra-observer reliability [37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Atherosclerosis and Plasma Antioxidant Micronutrients or Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in People Living with HIV

et al. 2019

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Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet-related factors may contribute. The aim of this pilot study was to determine, in PLWH, the relationship between atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and (A) plasma antioxidant micronutrients and oxidative stress or (B) red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids (RBC PUFA), particularly long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Methods: (A) In a cross-sectional study, subjects had CIMT evaluated by high resolution carotid artery ultrasound. Plasma was collected for vitamin C, measured by spectrophotometry; and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, retinol, and malondialdehyde—a marker of oxidative stress—using high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (B) In a prospective cohort study, other subjects had RBC PUFA measured at baseline, using gas chromatography, and CIMT assessed at baseline and repeated after 2 years. Clinical data was also collected. Results: (A) 91 PLWH participated. Only alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were positively correlated with CIMT. In a multivariate analysis, age and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with CIMT with gamma-tocopherol near significance (p = 0.053). (B) 69 PLWH participated. At baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 PUFA) and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) were significantly and negatively correlated with CIMT. However, a multivariate analysis failed to detect a significant relationship either at baseline or 2 years after. Conclusion: In addition to age and systolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis assessed by CIMT might be associated with higher serum gamma-tocopherol levels. There was a non-significant association between CIMT and RBC n-3 PUFA or the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA.

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Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration

Evans¹,

Henshaw²

1999

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

Low-glycaemic index diet to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: design and methods for a randomised, controlled, clinical trial

Relationships between Atherosclerosis and Plasma Antioxidant Micronutrients or Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in People Living with HIV

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration

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