Studies Relating to Time of Human Ovulation. II. During Lactation

Kurzrok, Raphael; Lass, Paul M.; Smelser, Jane

doi:10.3181/00379727-36-9230

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Kurzrok (31), using a less sensitive method of assay, obtained a positive reaction for gonadotropin only for one day in the cycle and interpreted this as indicating ovulation. Venning and Browne later pointed out that pregnanediol appeared shortly after this peak, indicating an association with corpus luteum formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Study of the Urinary Excretion of Hypophyseal Gonadotropin, Estrogen, and Androgen of Normal Women

Werner¹

1941

J. Clin. Invest.

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and Surgeons, Work upon the assay of hormones in blood and urine has been progressive in volume and quality since Loewe (1) and Frank (2) demonstrated the presence of estrogenic hormone in blood. Loewe (3) then revealed that this substance is excreted cyclically in the urine. Such assays were made practicable by the work of Kahnt and Doisy (4) who standardized the procedure of assay for this hormone, using the changes induced in the vaginal smear of castrated adult rats. The presence of gonadotropic substance in blood and urine was established shortly thereafter. The existence of such a gonadotropin and its production in the anterior hypophysis were made clear by the fundamental work of P. E. Smith (5) and Zondek and Aschheim (6). They also provided a method for determining its presence by finding that premature maturity is induced in the immature rat and mouse by this hormone (6, 7). Aschheim and Zondek (8, 9), using this test object, were able to show that a gonadotropin may be detected in the urine of pregnancy, although this gonadotropin is now known to be chorionic in origin. Fluhmann (10), Zondek (11), and others soon pointed out that the hypophyseal gonadotropin is similarly excreted after ovariectomy and the menopause. The same gonadotropin next was found to appear during the middle of the normal menstrual cycle (12). The demonstration of the excretion of androgenic substances soon followed (13,14), and methods of assay were provided by the capon comb method (15) and the colorimetric reaction of Zimmermann (16). Finally, excretion products of progesterone were shown to appear in the urine (17,18 improvements in methods of extraction and assay now aid in such a study. The tannic acid precipitation procedure of Levin and Tyndale (19), and their method of assay, using the immature mouse uterine weight (20), make possible the quantitative assay of hypophyseal gonadotropin in normal urine. In addition, it has been found that estrogen and androgen may be quantitatively recovered from the supernatant and the alcohol-acetoneether washings of the tannic acid precipitate, as was observed by Freed and Hechter (21) after tungstic acid precipitation. Thus it is possible to assay the gonadotropin, estrogen and androgen in the same specimen of urine. Data are here presented from such a study of the complete urinary output of five normal women with regular menstrual cycles over a period of three to four months for each woman. An additional three cycles scattered throughout the year were examined in one of these cases. These assays have been directed towards determining the normal values and the pattern of hormone excretion in medically normal healthy women with regular cycles. This was thought to be essential for the later determination as to whether or not patients were excreting abnormal amounts of hormone. The interpretation of the results has suggested a possible mechanism affecting the hypophysis-ovary relation. METHODAll urine specimens were complete forty-eight-hour collections kept in tightly stoppered bottles ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%