Studies on Venoms of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja Haja), the Horned Viper (Cerastes Cerastes), and the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera): Comparison Safety Study for 1/10 Ld50

Amir, Azza M. El; Mohamed, Samah Gaber; Shaker, Lamiaa S. El-Din; Feky, Abir A. El; Said, Wajeet

doi:10.21608/jesp.2021.165968

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…every 24-h (triple dose). The injected BV dose was 9.02 µg/g mouse weight, according to a previous study 23 . Suspension of BV-loaded CS-NPs was dissolved in PBS (1 mg/ml) and vortexed to prepare an equivalent volume to the BV dosage according to the NPs' Encapsulation Efficiency.…”

Section: Determination Of Encapsulation Efficiency (Ee)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee venom as an alternative for antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus infections

Ahmed

Gouda

Elmligy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The misuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, making it even harder to combat and eliminate their infections. Staphylococcus aureus causes various adverse infections and diseases, including skin abscesses, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and joint infections. In this study, we aimed to test the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of bee venom-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (BV-loaded CS-NPs) in comparison to gamma-irradiated BV and native BV from Apis mellifera. The physiochemical characterizations of our treatments were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), zeta-potential, release rate, and Encapsulation Efficiency (EE). Our study was conducted on both levels, in-vitro and in-vivo. For the in-vitro study, a bacterial model of Staphylococcus aureus with an ATCC number of 6538 was grown in tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium, and the inhibition zones of our drug candidates were measured with the appropriate statistical analysis performed. For the in-vivo study, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Creatinine, Urea, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed. BV-loaded CS-NPs showed relatively better results than the other alternatives, which are native BV and gamma-irradiated BV. The results showed that the antibacterial effect of BV-loaded CS-NPs was greater than the alternatives. Furthermore, its cytotoxic effect was far less than the native and irradiated bee venom. These outcomes ensure that loading BV on CS-NPs makes it a promising drug candidate for an antibiotic alternative with minimal cytotoxicity and enhanced antibacterial activity.

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Section: Determination Of Encapsulation Efficiency (Ee)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee venom as an alternative for antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus infections

Ahmed

Gouda

Elmligy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Impact of Envenomation With Snake Venoms on Rabbit Carcass Decomposition and Differential Adult Dipteran Succession Patterns

Khalil

Zidan

Alajmi

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Entomology

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The current study investigates the postmortem successional patterns of necrophagous dipteran insects and the rabbit carcass decomposition rate upon envenomation with snake venom. In total, 15 rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L. (Lagomorpha, Leporidae), were divided into 3 groups (5 rabbits each; n = 5); the first and second groups were injected with lethal doses of venoms from the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje L. (Squamata, Elapidae), and the horned viper, Cerastes cerastes L. (Squamata, viperidae), respectively. The third group (control) was injected with 0.85% physiological saline and euthanized with CO2. The carcass decomposition stages: fresh, bloating, decay, and dry were recorded and monitored. Data revealed that envenomation shortened the decomposition process by 3 d, 20% shorter than the control. The overall succession pattern of fly species revealed a lower abundance during the fresh stage, which peaked during the decay stage, and declined to the minimum number in the dry stage at the end of the 15-d experimental duration. A total of 2,488 individual flies, belonging to 21 species of 10 families, were collected from all experimental carcasses. The Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae were the most abundant and diverse families, whereas the other seven families were rare and least abundant. Although C. cerastes venom was significantly less lethal than N. haje, it showed a faster carcass decomposition process and a higher impact on fly abundance. These data showed that envenomation impacts insect succession and carcass decomposition, which should be taken into account when using insects in forensic investigations since envenomation with snake venoms is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.

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Studies on Venoms of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja Haja), the Horned Viper (Cerastes Cerastes), and the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera): Comparison Safety Study for 1/10 Ld50

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Bee venom as an alternative for antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus infections

Bee venom as an alternative for antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus infections

Impact of Envenomation With Snake Venoms on Rabbit Carcass Decomposition and Differential Adult Dipteran Succession Patterns

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