Studies on Transplacental Transmissibility of a Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) Vaccine Virus in Cattle III. Occurrence of Central Nervous System Malformations in Calves Born from Vaccinated Cows

Trautwein, G.; Hewicker, M; Ließ, B.; Orbán, S.; Grünert, E

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1986.tb00031.x

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It is known that vaccine virus can cross the placenta in gestating cattle, resulting in fetal pathology. 14,23 For this reason, modified live BVDV vaccines are not recommended for use in pregnant cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 However, the safety of these vaccines is of concern. 2,10 Postvaccination mucosal disease, 16,20 immunosuppression, 21 and fetal infection resulting in abortion and congenital anomalies 14,23 have been reported following modified live BVDV vaccination. Also, disease resulting from the contamination of modified live vaccines with noncytopathic BVDV strains has been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle following Immunization with a Modified Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine

1998

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Abstract. Economic loss from infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is of worldwide concern.The unique pathogenesis and antigenic variability of BVDV have made this virus challenging to control. Vaccination programs are a major component of control and prevention strategies. Both killed and modified live vaccines are commercially available. Choice between killed and modified live vaccines is controversial. Of major concern is the safety of modified live vaccines. Little information is available on their tissue tropism and potential for causing pathology, especially with respect to the reproductive system. The objective of this study was to determine if BVDV could be detected in the ovary of cattle following immunization with a modified live BVDV vaccine. In 2 separate trials, 6 heifers and 4 mature cows were immunized with a modified live BVDV vaccine and ovaries were removed between 7 and 30 days postvaccination. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from ovaries removed on days 8, 10, and 12. BVDV antigen was detected using immunohistochemistry on days 10-30. These findings are significant because replication of virus in the ovary could cause ovarian dysfunction, resulting in reduced fertility.Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of cattle, 2,7 and its control and prevention are of worldwide concern. Because of its complex pathogenesis and antigenic diversity, control and prevention of BVDV infections has been extremely challenging. Control programs center around elimination of cattle persistently infected with BVDV, biosecurity, and vaccination. 2,7 The role of vaccinations in the prevention of BVDV has become extremely controversial. Much of the debate revolves around the use of modified live or killed BVDV vaccines. Modified live BVDV vaccines have been available since 1961. 6 Currently, these vaccines use cytopathic BVDV strains, which have been attenuated through multiple cell culture passage. 4 It is generally felt that modified live vaccines provide higher levels of protective immunity that are of longer duration. 2,4 However, the safety of these vaccines is of concern. 2,10 Postvaccination mucosal disease, 16,20 immunosuppression, 21 and fetal infection resulting in abortion and congenital anomalies 14,23 have been reported following modified live BVDV vaccination. Also, disease resulting from the contamination of modified live vaccines with noncytopathic BVDV strains has been

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle following Immunization with a Modified Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine

1998

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“…In numerous studies, pathological findings in the central nervous system (CNS) U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 093 1 -1793 /95 /4202 -0065$11.00 /o of calves or fetuses following natural (KAHRS et al, 1970;MARKSON et al, 1976;ALLEN, 1977;GUARDA et al, 1980;AXTHELM et al, 1981;BADMAN et al, 1981;WILSON et al, 1983; BIELEFELDT OHMANN, 1984;BRENTRUP et al, 1985;ROEDER et al, 1986;TRAUTWEIN et al, 1987;JEFFREY and HOGG, 1988) o r experimental (WARD, 1969;CASARO et al, 1971;BROWN et al, 1973BROWN et al, , 1974; SCOTT et al, 1973;DONE e t al., 1980;TRAUTWEIN et al, 1986TRAUTWEIN et al, , 1987 infections with bovine-virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) have been reported. In those studies, it was documented that BVDV has the potential to induce a variety of lesions in the developing CNS, such as hydranencephaly, internal hydrocephalus, porencephaly, cerebellar hypoo r dysplasia and spinal dysmyelination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Lesions in Calves following Transplacental Infection with Bovine‐virus Diarrhoea Virus

Hewicker‐Trautwein¹,

Ließ²,

Trautwein³

1995

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Summary In 33 calves and subadult cattle of the Holstein‐Friesian breed ranging from 1 to 210 days of age, the spectrum of brain lesions induced by intra‐uterine infection with bovine‐virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was retrospectively analysed. Of these, 27 animals originated from herds with a long history of BVD. Six calves were derived from dams vaccinated between the 90th and 118th day of gestation with a BVD live vaccine. The most frequent lesion was cerebellar hypoplasia, being present in 25 out of 33 (76%) of the animals. In most of these cases, cerebellar hypoplasia was associated with hydranencephaly, internal hydrocephalus, microencephaly or porencephaly. In cases with hydranencephaly, the fluid‐filled cavities were devoid of ependymal lining. The lumina of the lateral ventricles of these cases were surrounded by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive cells and a dense layer of immunoreactive cell processes. In the white matter adjacent to the dilated ventricular lumina, a reactive astrocytosis was present. Porencephalic cysts were surrounded by astrocytes with increased expression of GFAP and vimentin‐positive cells and cell processes. In hydranencephalic brains, staining for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) revealed a marked reduction of NSE‐positive nerve cells in cortical areas. In all six experimental cases and in several field cases with hydranencephaly or internal hydrocephalus, small groups of heterotopic NSE‐positive neurons were present in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. In markedly hypoplastic cerebella, reduction of the cortical cell layers and degenerative changes in, and heterotopia of, Purkinje cells were found. In these cases, NSE‐ and neurofilament‐positive cell processes were either markedly diminished or only remnants of immunoreactive cell processes were present. In five animals without significant gross cerebellar abnormalities, degenerative changes of Purkinje cells were found. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against glial and neuron‐specific proteins on these brains, which represent postnatal end‐stage lesions of BVDV‐induced disturbances of the normal brain development, did not provide any insight into the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of these alterations. Application of immunohistochemistry, however, revealed changes, such as reactive astrocytosis and loss of nerve cell processes, which were not obvious on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections.

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“…It can be transmitted vertically and produce malformations and microcephaly in calves [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Its horizontal transmission is done by body fluids, including milk, saliva and fomites [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock and microcephaly, traces of an association?

Andrade

2016

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Studies on Transplacental Transmissibility of a Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) Vaccine Virus in Cattle III. Occurrence of Central Nervous System Malformations in Calves Born from Vaccinated Cows

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Detection of Cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle following Immunization with a Modified Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine

Detection of Cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle following Immunization with a Modified Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine

Brain Lesions in Calves following Transplacental Infection with Bovine‐virus Diarrhoea Virus

Livestock and microcephaly, traces of an association?

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