Studies on the weldability, microstructure and mechanical properties of flux assisted Nd:YAG laser welds of AISI 904L

Chaitanya, Gangineni; Varma, Jelli Lakshmi Narasimha; Choudhary, Ayush; Arivazhagan, N.; Oyyaravelu, R.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2015.209

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2,3 Fabrication of 5 mm thick SASS 904L weld plates using flux-assisted Nd: YAG laser. 4 was also reported. The selective laser melting method was also attempted by researchers for fabrication purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…2 AISI 904L is a premium variant of SASS grade with traces of carbon and is well known for its advantageous properties like resistance offered to corrosion, pitting crevice, and acid attacks. [3][4][5][6] By utilizing the said properties this special grade steel it can be used for applications including aerospace, marine, defense, and also in petrochemical industries. To take full advantage of the merits of AISI 904L, proper joining methods that too with optimized process parameters have to be used for autogenous joining of this special grade of steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parameter optimization and experimental validation of A-TIG welding of super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L using response surface methodology

Sunny

Korra

Vasudevan

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Super austenitic stainless steel (SASS) is a premium stainless steel (SS) variant which finds applications in challenging environments. One of the premium grades of SS that falls under the said category is AISI 904L. Autogenous activated flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding is an established technique for fabricating sound steel joints which offers various advantages. In this context, this research aims to identify an optimum set of input process parameters to effectively employ A-TIG welding to fabricate 10 mm thick joints of SASS AISI 904L plates by employing bead on plate welding trials. The input parameters varied for the trials are welding current, torch travel speed, and percentage of Argon gas present in a mixture of Argon and Helium – which is the shielding gas used, while the responses were the depth of weld penetration (DOP) and weld bead width (BW). For finalizing the combinations of input parameters and the run order of the welding trials, the design of experiments (DOE) was performed using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). After performing the trials, the DOP and BW attained were measured and the data thus generated were analyzed to study the influence of varying input parameters on the two responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then performed to check the input parameter's level of significance. RSM's desirability approach was used for numerical optimization to attain maximum DOP and a moderate BW. A linear regression equation generated can be used to precisely predict DOP and BW for any random values of input parameters. The bead on plate trial's validation study displayed root mean squared error (RMSE) values of 0.328 and 0.653 for DOP and BW respectively, The RMSE values of DOP and BW of the joint fabricated with optimized parameters was 0 and 0.311 respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter optimization and experimental validation of A-TIG welding of super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L using response surface methodology

Sunny

Korra

Vasudevan

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…9 Attributed to the above-mentioned exceptional qualities and superior properties, AISI 904L is widely utilized in aerospace applications, nuclear power plants, boilers, refineries, maritime applications, defense, construction, and chemical sectors, as well as offshore projects. 10,11,12,13,14,15 To retain the properties of AISI 904L during such challenging applications, it was equally critical to employ suitable welding techniques. Zambon et al 4 and Sathiya et al 16 used CO 2 laser while Devendranath et al 14 employed flux assisted Nd: YAG laser to weld 904L plates, but all researchers reported that the depth of weld penetration (DOP) attained was only 5 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11,12,13,14,15 To retain the properties of AISI 904L during such challenging applications, it was equally critical to employ suitable welding techniques. Zambon et al 4 and Sathiya et al 16 used CO 2 laser while Devendranath et al 14 employed flux assisted Nd: YAG laser to weld 904L plates, but all researchers reported that the depth of weld penetration (DOP) attained was only 5 mm. The same result was reported by Devendranath et al 17 when continuous and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding was used to fabricate 904L joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion studies and thermogravimetric analysis performed on activated tungsten inert gas and hot wire tungsten inert gas welded super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L

Sunny

Korra

Muthukumaran

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Attributed to the remarkable resistance offered against various types of corrosion, AISI 904L is used for a wide range of challenging applications. In this context, this research aims to conduct an in-depth corrosion study about the base material and weldments of 10 mm thick AISI 904L plates fabricated by autogenous activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding and hot wire tungsten inert gas (HWTIG) welding techniques. The pitting resistance effective number (PREN) is analyzed to evaluate pitting corrosion resistance. The Tafel plot is drawn and evaluated for the electrochemical corrosion of base metal and weldments in a 3.5% NaCl solution, while the specimens immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution at 650oC for 24 hours are evaluated for hot corrosion behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed at 300C–9000C to study material behavior at elevated temperatures. Results indicate that the base metal, ATIG weldment, and HWTIG weldment have a PREN of 34. During Tafel plot analysis, the ATIG weldment displayed a corrosion rate of 0.02792 mm/year while the HWTIG weldment recorded 0.02091 mm/year. Corrosion rates of ATIG and HWTIG weldments during hot corrosion studies are 14.93 mm/year and 12.69 mm/year, respectively. During TGA analysis, the ATIG weldment suffered a weight loss of 12.42% while the HWTIG weldment lost only 9.68% of its weight during the process. FESEM + EDS analysis confirmed the presence of unmixed flux particles in the ATIG weldment, which could be attributed to the weldment’s poor performance. In general, this research cemented the supremacy of the HWTIG weldment over the ATIG weldment with improved corrosion resistance and thermal stability. This study also contributed to a better understanding of the corrosion behavior of AISI 904L weldments under different environments that this superior grade of stainless steel alloy may encounter during its real-life applications.

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Effect of activating flux on laser penetration welding performance of galvanized steel

Mei

Wang

Yan

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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To study the feasvhibility of activating welding technique in increasing the width of low-power pulsed laser penetration weld joint and to improve the efficiency of lowpower laser welding while reducing cost, theoretical analysis and experimental verification are conducted in this study to determine the effects of activating flux Cr 2 O 3 on the welding performance of DC56D galvanized steel plate for a vehicle body. Research data on the variation in weld width, joint microstructure, mechanical properties, distribution of elements, and corrosion resistance are acquired. Results indicate that activating flux can effectively increase the YAG laser energy absorption of the steel plate and melting of parent metals, thus increasing the weld width. Although the joint microstructure is dominated by refined isometric crystals and columnar crystals, the heat-affected zone expands slightly because of the activating flux. No evident diffusion and segregation of active elements are observed in the weld joint. The involvement of activating flux does not change the relative contents and distribution of chemical components of the weld. The welded test piece with activating flux is superior to that without activating flux in terms of tensile strength, microhardness, and corrosion resistance, indicating that the addition of activating flux effectively improves the performance of low-power laser penetration welding test pieces.

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Studies on the weldability, microstructure and mechanical properties of flux assisted Nd:YAG laser welds of AISI 904L

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Parameter optimization and experimental validation of A-TIG welding of super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L using response surface methodology

Parameter optimization and experimental validation of A-TIG welding of super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L using response surface methodology

Corrosion studies and thermogravimetric analysis performed on activated tungsten inert gas and hot wire tungsten inert gas welded super austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L

Effect of activating flux on laser penetration welding performance of galvanized steel

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