Studies on the transposition rates of mobile genetic elements in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster.

Suh, Dong-Sang; Choi, Eunji; Yamazaki, Tsuneyuki; Harada, Ko

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040253

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, an average of 32 and 90% of the markers detected in the three backcross generations and the segmental hybrids, respectively, correspond to a wide variety of TEs. The estimated transposition rates for Osvaldo and Helena in hybrids are higher than spontaneous estimated for some TEs in natural populations of Drosophila (10 −4 ) [48], which can be directly associated to the genomic instability in the hybrid genomes. TEs have the capacity to create new copies in the genomes through many mechanisms, including excision, replication, insertion, and ectopic recombination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A Genome-Wide Survey of Genetic Instability by Transposition in Drosophila Hybrids

et al. 2014

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Hybridization between species is a genomic instability factor involved in increasing mutation rate and new chromosomal rearrangements. Evidence of a relationship between interspecific hybridization and transposable element mobilization has been reported in different organisms, but most studies are usually performed with particular TEs and do not discuss the real effect of hybridization on the whole genome. We have therefore studied whole genome instability of Drosophila interspecific hybrids, looking for the presence of new AFLP markers in hybrids. A high percentage (27–90%) of the instability markers detected corresponds to TEs belonging to classes I and II. Moreover, three transposable elements (Osvaldo, Helena and Galileo) representative of different families, showed an overall increase of transposition rate in hybrids compared to parental species. This research confirms the hypothesis that hybridization induces genomic instability by transposition bursts and suggests that genomic stress by transposition could contribute to a relaxation of mechanisms controlling TEs in the Drosophila genome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A Genome-Wide Survey of Genetic Instability by Transposition in Drosophila Hybrids

et al. 2014

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“…We note that these parameters are much higher than what would be expected empirically. For example, α and δ 1 are estimated to be on the scale of 10 −3 −10 −5 (Suh et al, 1995). However, this deviation from empirical evidence does not affect our general, parameter independent, results and speeds up simulations.…”

Section: Stochastic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…TE numbers in the germline change slowly from generation to generation in a host species population (Suh et al, 1995). Compared to this evolutionary time scale, the formation and degradation of the intermediate complex occur on a much faster time scale.…”

Section: Te Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of long-term transposable element activity in genomes through regulation by nonautonomous elements

Omole,

Czuppon

2024

Preprint

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Transposable elements are DNA sequences that can move and replicate within genomes. Broadly speaking, two element types exist: autonomous elements, which encode the necessary enzymes for transposition, and nonautonomous elements that rely on these enzymes produced by autonomous elements for their transposition. Nonautonomous elements have been proposed to regulate transposable element numbers, which is a possible explanation for continued transposition activity over long evolutionary times. However, previous modeling studies indicate that interactions between autonomous and nonautonomous elements usually result in the extinction of one type. Here, we study a stochastic model that allows for stable coexistence of autonomous and nonautonomous elements. We determine the conditions for coexistence and derive an analytical expression for the stationary distribution of their copy numbers, showing that nonautonomous elements regulate stochastic fluctuations and the number of autonomous elements in stationarity. We find that the stationary variances of each element can be expressed as a function of transposable element copy number averages and their covariance, enabling data comparison and model validation. These results suggest that besides silencing or domestication of transposable elements, continued regulated transposition by nonautonomous elements may be an alternative evolutionary outcome that could for example explain the long co-evolutionary history of autonomousLINE1and nonautonomousAluelement transposition in the human ancestry.

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“…However, the transposition rate is very low. For example, 10 −4 transposition events per TE copy per generation occur in Drosophila natural and laboratory populations [34][35][36]. Although the transposition rate can be higher in conditions of environmental or genomic stress, this is not sufficient to explain how genome invasion is quickly observed after HTT.…”

Section: Last Step For An Efficient Invasion: Transposition and Fixat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intricate Evolutionary Balance between Transposable Elements and Their Host: Who Will Kick at Goal and Convert the Next Try?

Yoth

Jensen

Brasset

2022

Biology

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Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that can jump from one genomic locus to another and that have colonized the genomes of all living organisms. TE mobilization and accumulation are an important source of genomic innovations that greatly contribute to the host species evolution. To ensure their maintenance and amplification, TE transposition must occur in the germ cell genome. As TE transposition is also a major threat to genome integrity, the outcome of TE mobility in germ cell genomes could be highly dangerous because such mutations are inheritable. Thus, organisms have developed specialized strategies to protect the genome integrity from TE transposition, particularly in germ cells. Such effective TE silencing, together with ongoing mutations and negative selection, should result in the complete elimination of functional TEs from genomes. However, TEs have developed efficient strategies for their maintenance and spreading in populations, particularly by using horizontal transfer to invade the genome of novel species. Here, we discuss how TEs manage to bypass the host’s silencing machineries to propagate in its genome and how hosts engage in a fightback against TE invasion and propagation. This shows how TEs and their hosts have been evolving together to achieve a fine balance between transposition and repression.

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Studies on the transposition rates of mobile genetic elements in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster.

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

A Genome-Wide Survey of Genetic Instability by Transposition in Drosophila Hybrids

A Genome-Wide Survey of Genetic Instability by Transposition in Drosophila Hybrids

Maintenance of long-term transposable element activity in genomes through regulation by nonautonomous elements

The Intricate Evolutionary Balance between Transposable Elements and Their Host: Who Will Kick at Goal and Convert the Next Try?

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