Studies on the toxicity of the mercurial fungicide Agallol 3 in Drosophila melanogaster

Gayathri, Manickam; Krishnamurthy, N. B.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(81)90135-3

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Such a lengthening of the developmental period is an indication of somatic effects caused by the leachates (Luning, 1966). Similar observations in Drosophila were made by Gayathri and Krishnamurthy (1981) and Mukhopadhyay et al (2003) using Agallol 3, a mercuric fungicide and industrial effluent, respectively. While a delay in the emergence was found to be directly proportional to the decrease in the pH of the extraction solvent, the number of flies emerging from normal food and those from leachates mixed food did not show any significant deviation from each other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Adverse effect of tannery waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS in modulation of Hsp70, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Siddique

Gupta

Mitra

et al. 2008

J of Applied Toxicology

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Leachate is a complex chemical mixture of chemicals produced as a result of leaching of solid wastes. The potential toxicity of leachates is a major environmental health concern. The present study evaluated the role of ROS in tannery leachates induced Hsp70 expression, antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis in Drosophila. Different concentrations (0.05-2.0%) of leachates prepared from tannery waste at different pH (7.00, 4.93 and 2.88) were mixed with Drosophila food and fed to the larvae for 2-48 h to examine the different stress and apoptotic markers. A concentration- and time-dependent significant increase in Hsp70 expression, ROS generation, antioxidant enzymes activities and MDA content were observed in the exposed larvae. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were delayed compared with Hsp70 expression and MDA level in the exposed organisms. Apoptotic cell death was observed in the exposed larvae at higher concentrations concurrent with a significant regression in Hsp70 along with a higher level of ROS generation. A positive correlation drawn between ROS generation and apoptotic markers and a negative correlation between apoptotic markers and Hsp70 expression at these concentrations indicated the important role of ROS in the induction of cellular damage in the exposed organisms. There was a significant generation of ROS in the larvae exposed to 0.5% of leachates which did not interfere with the protection of their cells by Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes. However, generation of significantly higher levels of ROS in the larvae exposed to 1.0% and 2.0% leachates may decrease Hsp70 expression thus leading to mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The number of flies which emerged was recorded as described previously (Gayathri and Krishnamurthy, 1981). For analysis, data were converted to per 100 organisms.…”

Section: Emergence Pattern Of Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effect of tannery waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS in modulation of Hsp70, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Siddique

Gupta

Mitra

et al. 2008

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…The number of flies emerging from different groups was counted until all the flies emerged (Gayathri and Krishnamurthy 1981).…”

Section: Emergence Pattern Of Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproductive assay was performed using a previously published method (Gayathri and Krishnamurthy 1981). Briefly, freshly eclosed first instar larvae were transferred to control and chemical-contaminated food and they were allowed to grow throughout their development.…”

Section: Reproductive Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term dietary exposure to low concentration of dichloroacetic acid promoted longevity and attenuated cellular and functional declines in aged Drosophila melanogaster

Pandey

Vimal

Chandra

et al. 2014

AGE

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Dichloroacetic acid (DCA), a water disinfection by-product, has attained emphasis due to its prospect for clinical use against different diseases including cancer along with negative impact on organisms. However, these reports are based on the toxicological as well clinical data using comparatively higher concentrations of DCA without much of environmental relevance. Here, we evaluate cellular as well as organismal effects of DCA at environmentally and mild clinically relevant concentrations (0.02-20.0 μg/ml) using an established model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were fed on food mixed with test concentrations of DCA for 12-48 h to examine the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress (OS), heat shock genes (hsps) and cell death along with organismal responses. We also examined locomotor performance, ROS generation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, expression of GSH-synthesizing genes (gclc and gclm), and hsps at different days (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) of the age in flies after prolonged DCA exposure. We observed mild OS and induction of antioxidant defense system in 20.0 μg/ml DCA-exposed organism after 24 h. After prolonged exposure to DCA, exposed organism exhibited improved survival, elevated expression of hsp27, gclc, and gclm concomitant with lower ROS generation and GSH depletion and improved locomotor performance. Conversely, hsp27 knockdown flies exhibited reversal of the above end points. The study provides evidence for the attenuation of cellular and functional decline in aged Drosophila after prolonged DCA exposure and the effect of hsp27 modulation which further incites studies towards the therapeutic application of DCA.

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“…The method of Gayathri and Krishnamurthy [21] was followed with some modifications. Virgin flies emerging from control and different concentrations of argemone oil (Set I) and its alkaloid fraction (Set II) contaminated food were isolated and pair-mated in normal food vials.…”

Section: Pair Mating and Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Argemone oil induced cellular damage in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: Protective role of 70 kDa heat shock protein

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Saxena²,

Bajpai³

et al. 2003

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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We explored the reproductive toxicity of argemone oil and its principal alkaloid fraction in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg(9). The toxicity of argemone oil has been attributed to two of its physiologically active benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Freshly eclosed first instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster were transferred to different concentrations of argemone oil and its alkaloid fraction contaminated food. Virgin flies that eclosed from the contaminated food were pair-mated to look into the effect on reproduction. The study was further extended by investigating hsp70 expression and tissue damage in larval gonads, genital discs, and reproductive organs of adult fly. Our results showed that argemone oil was more cytotoxic than its principal alkaloid fraction. Moreover, it was the male fly that was more affected compared to its opposite number. The accessory glands of male reproductive system of the fly, which did not express hsp70, exhibited severe damage as evidenced by Trypan blue staining. This prompted us to explore the ultrastructural morphology of the gland, which showed acute signs of necrosis in both the cell types as evident by necrotic nuclei, higher vacuolization, and disorganized endoplasmic reticulum, decrease in the number of Golgi vesicles and disorganized, loosely packed filamentous structures in the lumen of the accessory gland, at the higher concentrations of the adulterant. The study showed the reproductive toxicity of argemone oil and its alkaloid fraction in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster and further confirmed the cytoprotective role of hsp70.

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Studies on the toxicity of the mercurial fungicide Agallol 3 in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Adverse effect of tannery waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS in modulation of Hsp70, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Adverse effect of tannery waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS in modulation of Hsp70, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Long-term dietary exposure to low concentration of dichloroacetic acid promoted longevity and attenuated cellular and functional declines in aged Drosophila melanogaster

Argemone oil induced cellular damage in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: Protective role of 70 kDa heat shock protein

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