Studies on the Thermal Behavior of Polyurethanes

Li, Shufen; Jiang, Zhi; Kaijun, Yuan; Shu-qin, YU; Chow, Wan Ki

doi:10.1080/03602550500373634

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the DSC curve, the heat release of the untreated RPU foam started around 210 C because of the combustion of the gasification product, and the heat release rate was increased with increasing temperature. 21,22 The TG curve indicates that this gasification (degradation) process proceeded up to around 650 C for the untreated RPU foam. In the DSC curves of the SPBtreated RPU foam, the heat releases were suppressed in comparison with the untreated sample, and interestingly, the sample with 568% SPB showed endothermic decomposition instead of heat release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams prepared with amorphous sodium polyborate

Tsuyumoto¹,

Onoda²,

Hashizume³

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Highly flame-retardant rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams were prepared by vacuum impregnation or pressure impregnation of sodium polyborate (SPB) solution. The RPU foams (10 mm thickness, 134-690% SPB) endured the flame of a butane gas burner for 167-1144 s, and the backside temperatures remained below 45 C until penetration occurred. The heat releases from the RPU foams with 150 and 400% SPB in air in the cone calorimeter tests were 8.8 and 4.1 MJ/m 2 , respectively. The analyses with thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy indicated the flame-retardant mechanism, in which the SPB foam and the formed char layer together insulated the inside from oxygen gas and heat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams prepared with amorphous sodium polyborate

Tsuyumoto¹,

Onoda²,

Hashizume³

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Because of the lack of bands characteristic of amine groups, it is reasonable to assume that urethane linkages decomposed as a result of dissociation to isocyanate (a volatile product) and polymeric alcohol, i.e. PTMO [27]. Thus, at the third stage (406°C), mainly the decomposition of the PTMO soft segment took place, and the volatile products of its decomposition were aliphatic ethers, aldehydes and carbon monoxide.…”

Section: Tg-ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

New thermoplastic poly(thiourethane-urethane) elastomers based on hexane-1,6-diyl diisocyanate (HDI)

Rogulska

Kultys

Olszewska

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Two series of new thermoplastic poly(thiourethane-urethane) elastomers (EPTURs), with different hardsegment content (40-60 wt%), were synthesized by a onestep melt polymerization from poly(oxytetramethylene) diol (PTMO) of M n = 1,000 g mol -1 or poly(hexamethylene carbonate) diol (PHCD) of M n = 860 g mol -1 as a soft segment, hexane-1,6-diyl diisocyanate and (methylenedi-1,4-phenylene)dimethanethiol as a chain extender at the NCO/(OH ? SH) molar ratio of 1. The structures of all the EPTURs were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Their thermal behavior was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). For the chosen polymers the gaseous products evolved during the decomposition process were analyzed by TG-FTIR. Moreover, physicochemical, adhesive and tensile properties as well as Shore A/D hardness were determined. The resulting highmolecular-mass EPTURs were stable up to 254-262°C, as measured by the temperature of 1 % mass loss. They decomposed in three or four stages. The main decomposition products were carbonyl sulfide, isocyanate, carbon dioxide, aromatic hydrocarbons as well as aliphatic ethers and aldehydes (in PTMO series) and alcohols (in PHCD series). All the polymers showed partially crystalline structures, associated with crystallization of thiourethane hard segments. Their melting temperatures were in the range of 184-186°C. The PTMO series EPTURs exhibited better low-temperature properties (glass-transition temperature in the range of -64 to -44 vs. -26 to -22°C), but poorer tensile strengths (20-28 vs. 37-43 MPa). These EPTURs showed improved adhesive properties in comparison with their polyurethane analogs.

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“…More recent work by Shufen et al (2006) has supported the claim that polyether based polyurethanes are less stable than their polyester based counterparts when decomposed in air. The polyurethanes used were elastomers based on TDI, which could potentially have differing decomposition mechanisms to their foam counterparts.…”

Section: Oxidative Atmospherementioning

confidence: 66%

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

2016

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Polyurethane is widely used, with its two major applications, soft furnishings and insulation, having low thermal inertia, and hence enhanced flammability. In addition to their flammability, polyurethanes form carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other toxic products on decomposition and combustion. The chemistry of polyurethane foams and their thermal decomposition are discussed in order to assess the relationship between the chemical and physical composition of the foam and the toxic products generated during their decomposition. The toxic product generation during flaming combustion of polyurethane foams is reviewed, in order to relate the yields of toxic products and the overall fire toxicity to the fire conditions. The methods of assessment of fire toxicity are outlined in order to understand how the fire toxicity of polyurethane foams may be quantified. In particular, the ventilation condition has a critical effect on the yield of the two major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.

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Studies on the Thermal Behavior of Polyurethanes

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams prepared with amorphous sodium polyborate

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams prepared with amorphous sodium polyborate

New thermoplastic poly(thiourethane-urethane) elastomers based on hexane-1,6-diyl diisocyanate (HDI)

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

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