Studies on the survival of aerosolized bovine rotavirus (UK) and a murine rotavirus

Abstract

The effect of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the survival of airborne bovine rotavirus UK isolate (BRV-UK) and a murine rotavirus (MRV) was studied. In any one experiment, the virus under test was suspended in tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) supplemented with uranine (physical tracer) and an antifoam, was aerosolized using a Collison nebulizer into the rotating drum with the RH at either low (30 +/- 5%), medium (50 + 5%) or high (80 +/- 5%) level at 20 +/- 1 degrees C. Following a 15-min period of viral aerosol stabilization, sequential samples of drum air were collected using an All-Glass Impinger (AGI) for 24 h post-aerosolization. Both of the rotavirus isolates were found to survive best at medium RH level and high RH was found least favorable for the survival of these aerosolized rotaviruses. The survival pattern of aerosolized MRV was found to be the best when compared with survival pattern of all animal and human rotavirus isolates studies performed under aerosolized conditions in our laboratory. The findings of these experiments confirm and extend our previous reports on the survival of other animal and human aerosolized rotaviruses and emphasize the fact that air may be one of the vehicles for their dissemination and could explain why it is difficult to control nosocomial outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis and to keep animal colonies rotavirus-free.

Rotavirus Viremia and Extraintestinal Viral Infection in the Neonatal Rat Model

“…Another consequence of rotavirus replication and release in the respiratory tract is the possibility of transmission. Transmission of rotavirus by the respiratory route has been suspected based on epidemiologic analyses of rapid rotavirus spread similar to that of respiratory viruses (17), rotavirus RNA detection in air samples from a hospital ward with rotavirus-infected children (15), survival studies using aerosolized bovine and murine rotaviruses (24,25), and the abilities to prevent rotavirus spread in mice by the use of microfiltration cages (27) and to infect mice with rotavirus by smallparticle aerosolization (44). These potential consequences of rotavirus replication in the respiratory tract indicate a diagnostic gap in rotavirus disease identification and management, and further studies are required to determine if rotavirus causes clinically significant respiratory disease in children.…”

Susceptibility of monkeypox virus aerosol suspensions in a rotating chamber

“…Although some rotating chambers set up in BSL3 laboratories are available for aerosol aging studies, the size of these chambers (Adams et al, 1982; Cutler et al, 2011; Ijaz et al, 1994; Karim et al, 1985) would require specialized equipment for safety issues. The MPXV is handled only in biosafety level three (BSL-3) laboratory environments and is highly regulated as a select biological agent by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).…”

Standardization of a Protocol for Quantitative Evaluation of Anti-Aerosolized Influenza Virus Activity by Vapors of a Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil Blend

“…chamber at a temperature of 35°C, under a negative pressure of 6 mbar, an air-suspension time of aerosolized H9N2 virus of 1.5 min, and a collection chamber of 250 c.c., containing 25 ml of a 50% glycerol-transport medium. Previous workers reported the success in recovery of aerosolized viruses based on specific viral density in a certain volume of the aerosolization chamber [29][30][31][32], the appropriate nature and volume of the carrier in the aerosolized particles that enable the sustainability of the viral viability [33][34][35], the role of the temperature in the pulverization chamber [36][37][38], the appropriate negative pressure that carries the virus from the pulverization chamber towards a proper nature of the transport medium in the collection chamber [13,39].…”