Studies on the stem-borer complex of sorghum in Kenya

Reddy, K. V. Seshu

doi:10.1017/s1742758400003969

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Th is fi ndings support earlier reports on variations in the distribution of Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus according to altitude (Seshu Reddy 1983;Songa et al 1998;Guofa et al 2002). Th e diff erence Nye (1960) ascribed to climatic variations especially the temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Suitable climatic conditions coupled with available alternative hosts are thought to have favoured C. partellus (Guofa et al 2002). Th is can explain its rapid population build up that resulted in the displacement of indigenous Chilo orichalcociliellus (Seshu Reddy 1983). However, there was evidence of variation in niche occupation among these two species in the wild as most of the C. partellus larvae were found on S. arundinaceum while the C. orichalcociliellus group larvae were found mainly on P. maximum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kenya, B. fusca and C. partellus are the main pests of maize [Zea mays L.] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Ong'amo 2005). While B. fusca dominates the high altitude areas, C. partellus is recorded mainly in the lowlands and mid-altitudes (Seshu Reddy 1983;Overholt et al 2001;Ong'amo et al 2006). Crop residues have been reported as responsible for re-establishment of pest populations early in the cropping season (Ingram 1958;Nye 1960).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of wild host plants in the abundance of lepidopteran stem borers along altitudinal gradient in Kenya

Ong’amo

Rü

Dupas

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. Presence of wild host plants of stem borers in cereal-growing areas has been considered as reservoirs of lepidopteran stem borers, responsible for attack of crops during the growing season. Surveys to catalogue hosts and borers as well as to assess the abundance of the hosts were carried out during the cropping and non-cropping seasons in different agro-ecological zones along varying altitude gradient in Kenya. A total of 61 stem borer species belonging to families Noctuidae (25), Crambidae (14), Pyralidae (9), Tortricidae (11) and Cossidae (2) were recovered from 42 wild plant species. Two noctuids, Busseola fusca (Fuller), Sesamia calamistis Hampson, and two crambids, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) were the four main borer species found associated with maize plants. In the wild, B. fusca was recovered from a limited number of host plant species and among them were Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf, Setaria megaphylla (Steudel) T. Durand & Schinz, Arundo donax L. and Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher. In contrast, the host range of C. partellus was considerably wider [13 for S. calamistis]. However, the number of larvae of these species was lower in the wild compared to cultivated fi elds, thus the role of natural habitat as a reservoir for cereal stem borers requires further studies. Importance of the wild host plants as well as borer diversity along the altitudinal gradient is discussed.Résumé. Le rôle des plantes hôtes sauvages dans l'abondance des lépidoptères foreurs de graminées selon un gradient altitudinal au Kenya. La présence de plantes hôtes sauvages de foreurs autour des parcelles cultivées a toujours été considérée comme préjudiciable à la production des céréales dans la mesure où elles constituent des réservoirs pour les foreurs. Des enquêtes ont été menées au Kenya, pendant et en dehors des périodes culturales, selon un gradient altitudinal, afi n de déterminer le rôle de ces plantes hôtes sur les populations de ravageurs. Soixante et une espèces de lépidoptères foreurs appartenant aux familles des Noctuidae (25), Crambidae (14), Pyralidae (9), Tortricidae (11) et Cossidae (2) ont été récoltées sur 42 plantes hôtes sauvages. Les principales espèces de foreurs associées au maïs sont Busseola fusca (Fuller) et Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae) et Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) et Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Crambidae). Dans les habitats sauvages, B. fusca a été trouvé sur un nombre restreint de plantes hôtes sauvages telles que Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf, Setaria megaphylla (Steudel) T. Durand & Schinz, Arundo donax L. and Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher. A l`inverse, S. calamistis et C. partellus ont été trouvées associées à plus de plantes hôtes sauvages [S. calamistis (13), C. partellus (5)]. Toutefois, le nombre total de chenilles de ces quatre espèces de ravageur trouvé dans les habitats sauvages est très inférieur à celui trouvé dans les parcelles cultivées, aussi le rôle des habitats sauvages en tant que réservoir pour les lépidopt...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of wild host plants in the abundance of lepidopteran stem borers along altitudinal gradient in Kenya

Ong’amo

Rü

Dupas

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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“…Most of the sources of resistance belong to durra group of sorghums of Indian origin followed by caudatum, conspicuum, caffrorum, dochna, roxburghii, cernuum, and nervosum-kaoling. Some of these sources are also resistant to other stem borer species infesting sorghum in Africa and Latin America (Reddy 1983). The discovery of cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) (Stephens and Holland 1954) made it easier to incorporate desired traits into hybrids (House 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

et al. 2007

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The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, is one of the most important pests of sorghum, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). In order to develop a strategy for resistance to stem borer, we studied the traits associated with resistance, and their nature of gene action in F 1 hybrids derived from resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on stem borerresistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible CMS and restorer lines were equally resistant or susceptible as the parents for leaf feeding [Damage rating (DR) 5.8 to 6.6 vs. 5.9 to 6.6], and had significant and decreasing trend in deadheart formation (resistant CMS · resistant restorer lines < moderately resistant CMS · moderately resistant restorer lines < susceptible CMS · susceptible restorer lines), respectively. Proportional contributions of restorer lines were greater than those of the CMS lines for leaf feeding, deadhearts, recovery and overall resistance, stalk length, nodes per plant, stem borer holes per plant, and peduncle tunneling. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates suggested that leaf feeding score, number of nodes, overall resistance score, panicle initiation, recovery score, and stalk length (dominance type of gene action) have been found to be associated with resistance to spotted stem borer, governed by additive type of gene action, their correlation and direct effects in the same direction, and explained 65.3% of the variation in deadhearts, and thus could be used as marker traits to select and breed for resistance to C. partellus in sorghum. The parents having significant SCA effects for two or more resistance traits for either or more parents have also been discussed for their use in the stem borer resistance breeding.

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“…In semi-arid eastern Amhara, C. partellus was found up to 1900 m elevation, corroborating fi ndings by Emana et al (2001) on the distribution of stem borers in Ethiopia. Studies elsewhere in East and southern Africa also indicate that C. partellus and B. fusca are low to medium and high elevation borer species, respectively (Ingram 1958;Seshu Reddy 1983;Assefa 1985;Overholt et al 1997;Haile & Hofsvang 2001). Based on the geographic information systems, in the Amhara state, C. partellus is predicted to occur east of Ethiopia's eastern escarpment (western bank of the Rift Valley), i.e., areas below 1800 m elevation, and in the western districts of the Amhara state bordering Sudan, i.e., < 800 m Muchugu, ICIPE, Nairobi, pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and relative importance of cereal stem borers and their natural enemies in the semi-arid and cool-wet ecozones of the Amhara State of Ethiopia

Wale¹,

Schulthess²,

Kairu³

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The distribution and relative importance of lepidopteran and coleopteran stem borers and their natural enemies on maize and sorghum were studied in cereal growing zones of the Amhara State of Ethiopia from 2003 to 2004. Sorghum is the major crop in semi-arid eastern and maize in the cool-wet western zones of the Amhara state. Four administrative zones, 10 districts and 88 localities in the semi-arid ecozone (SAE) and four zones, 19 districts and 71 localities in the cool-wet ecozone (CWE) were chosen for the study. In SAE, the species composition was 91% Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), 8% Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and 1% Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In the CWE, maize and sorghum are grown in different ecozones and thus B. fusca was the dominant species on sorghum, whereas 61% B. fusca and 39% S. calamistis were recorded on maize. Borer density generally increased with crop growth stage. C. partellus parasitism by C. fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which occurred only in SAE, varied among districts ranging from 5% to 39%. In the CWE, unidentifi ed nematodes parasitized medium-sized B. fusca larvae during the wet months. Population of native parasitoids was very low. The coleopteran borer, Rhynchaenus niger (Horn) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae), attacked sorghum plants in both regions. Sorghum yields were negatively related to plant damage variables and positively to larval parasitism and plant growth variables. On maize, plant damage was too low to affect yields. Taylor's power law indicated aggregated distribution for C. partellus and B. fusca larvae and pupae combined. Dans les zones froides et humides, le maïs et le sorgho ne sont pas cultivés ensemble, mais dans différentes zones écologiques. De ce fait, B. fusca était l'espèce de lépidoptère foreur dominante sur sorgho, alors qu'elle ne représentait que 61% sur maïs où S. calamistis était aussi présent pour 39%. La densité de lépidoptères foreurs a augmenté généralement avec le stade de développement des plantes. Le taux de parasitisme de C. partellus par Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), qui est présent seulement dans les zones semi-arides, variait selon les districts de 5% à 39%. Dans les zones froides et humides, une espèce de nématode non identifi ée attaquait les larves de B. fusca de taille moyenne pendant les mois les plus humides. La population des parasitoïdes autochtones de cette zone était très faible. Le coléoptère foreur, Rhynchaenus niger (Horn) (Coleoptera : Rhynchophoridae), infestait le sorgho dans les deux types de régions. Le rendement en sorgho était négativement corrélé aux paramètres liés aux dommages de la plante et positivement au parasitisme larvaire et aux variables liées à la croissance de la plante. Sur maïs, les dommages de la plante étaient trop faibles pour en affecter son rendement. La loi de Taylor a indiqué une distribution d'agrégation pour les larves et les chrysalides de C. partellus et B. fusca.

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Studies on the stem-borer complex of sorghum in Kenya

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

The role of wild host plants in the abundance of lepidopteran stem borers along altitudinal gradient in Kenya

The role of wild host plants in the abundance of lepidopteran stem borers along altitudinal gradient in Kenya

Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

Distribution and relative importance of cereal stem borers and their natural enemies in the semi-arid and cool-wet ecozones of the Amhara State of Ethiopia

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