Studies on the sparganum of Spirometra erinacei—III. The fine structure of the tegument in the scolex

Kwa, Boo H.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(72)90032-x

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They confirmed the existence of two distinct types of microtriches (i.e., a "short tubular form" and a "long flattened form"). Later that decade, papers describing two (or in some instances possibly more) types of microtriches appeared with some regularity as a result of work conducted using TEM and/ or SEM in caryophyllideans (e.g., Hayunga and Mackiewicz 1975), a spathebothriidean (Burt and Sandeman 1974), diphyllobothriideans (e.g., Kwa 1972, Grammeltvedt 1973, Lumsden et al 1974, Andersen 1975, Yamane et al 1975), trypanorhynchs (Lumsden 1975a, Halton and McKerr 1979, and also in bothriocephalideans (e.g., Timofeev and Kuperman 1972, Jones 1975, Boyce 1976, Andersen 1979), tetraphyllideans (McVicar 1972, Gabrion and Euzet-Sicard 1979 and other cyclophyllideans (e.g., Jha and Smyth 1971, Featherston 1972, Blitz and Smyth 1973, Rees 1973, Euzet and Gabrion 1976, Hess and Guggenheim 1977, Hulínská 1977a, b, 1978, Gabrion and Euzet-Sicard 1979, Voge et al 1979; an account of an unusual form in a lecanicephalidean also appeared early in the decade (e.g., Rifkin et al 1970). Of note among works that decade was McVicar's (1972) detailed account of the close association between the microtriches of several tetraphyllideans and the microvilli of the spiral intestine of their host.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified terminology for cestode microtriches: a proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008

Chervy¹

2009

FOLIA PARASIT

241

162

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The following terms were endorsed for the components of individual microtriches: The distal, electron-dense portion is the cap, the proximal more electron-lucent region is the base. These two elements are separated from one another by the baseplate. The base is composed of, among other elements, microfilaments. The cap is composed of cap tubules. The electron-lucent central portion of the base is referred to as the core. The core may be surrounded by an electron-dense tunic. The entire microthrix is bounded by a plasma membrane, the external layer of which is referred to as the glycocalyx. Two distinct sizes of microtriches are recognised: those ≤ 200 nm in basal width, termed filitriches, and those >200 nm in basal width, termed spinitriches. Filitriches are considered to occur in three lengths: papilliform (≤ 2 times as long as wide), acicular (2-6 times as long as wide), and capilliform (>6 times as long as wide). In instances in which filitriches appear to be doubled at their base, the modifier duplicated is used. Spinitriches are much more variable in form. At present a total of 25 spinithrix shapes are recognised. These consist of 13 in which the width greatly exceeds the thickness (i.e., bifid, bifurcate, cordate, gladiate, hamulate, lanceolate, lineate, lingulate, palmate, pectinate, spathulate, trifid, and trifurcate), and 12 in which width and thickness are approximately equal (i.e., chelate, clavate, columnar, coniform, costate, cyrillionate, hastate, rostrate, scolopate, stellate, trullate, and uncinate). Spiniform microtriches can bear marginal (serrate) and/or dorsoventral (gongylate) elaborations; they can also bear apical features (aristate). The latter two modifiers should be used only if the features are present. The terminology to describe the overall form of a spinithrix should be used in the following order: tip, margins, shape. Each type of microthrix variation is defined and illustrated with one or more scanning electron micrographs. An indication of the taxa in which each of the microthrix forms is found is also provided.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified terminology for cestode microtriches: a proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008

Chervy¹

2009

FOLIA PARASIT

241

162

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“…This type of secretion is consistent with the electron‐dense granules observed by TEM in the AO of E. multiloculatum and E. williamsi . Glycoproteins have been associated with adhesion and proteolysis functions (Brockerhoff & Jones, 1995; Kwa, 1972; McCullough & Fairweather, 1989). In relation to the latter, Williams (1966) highlighted the potential role of the myzorhynchus in feeding through extracorporeal digestion, based on the presence of gland cells in the myzorhynchus of E. variabile and the damage caused by this structure in the mucosa of its host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gladiate spinitriches have a distal electron-dense cap with a length of 2080-3000 (2540, n = 2), and a proximal base with a length of 430-600 (510, n = 3), separated by a baseplate 50-75 (58, n = 3) in thickness (Figure 5f). The ratio base:cap is 0.17 have been associated with adhesion and proteolysis functions (Brockerhoff & Jones, 1995;Kwa, 1972;McCullough & Fairweather, 1989). In relation to the latter, Williams (1966) T A B L E 2 Results of histochemical analyses on different apical structures of the scolex of rhinebothriideans.…”

Section: Microtriches On the Myzorhynchus Of Notomegarhynchus Navonaementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and glandular composition of the myzorhynchus and the remnant apical organ in adult cestodes of the order Rhinebothriidea from batoids off Argentina

Franzese

Mutti

Battista

et al. 2023

Journal of Morphology

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the function of the myzorhynchus and remnant apical organ of adult cestodes in the order Rhinebothriidea. Several features of these structures were analyzed in 12 species belonging to six genera and two families. In particular, the glandular composition of the myzorhynchus of four species from Echeneibothriidae (i.e., Notomegarhynchus navonae and three species of Echeneibothrium) was studied using histochemical techniques and/or transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the presence of a remnant apical organ and its glandular composition were analized in six species of Rhinebothriidae and in two species of Semiorbiseptum, whose familial assignment is uncertain. We also evaluated the importance of these characters for diagnosis. The same type of gland cell was found in the myzorhynchus of Echeneibothrium species and in the remnant apical organ of Semiorbiseptum species. These gland cells were Coomassie brilliant bluepositive, periodic acid Schiff-positive and Alcian blue-negative, consistent with a glycoprotein secretion possibly involved in adhesion to the host mucosa and proteolysis. The type of gland cells found in the myzorhynchus of N. navonae were Coomassie brilliant blue-negative, periodic acid Schiff-positive and Alcian bluepositive, consistent with the production of adhesive and protective substances. The type of gland cells in the myzorhynchus and in the remnant apical organ could be a useful character for the generic diagnosis of Echeneibothrium and Semiorbiseptum, respectively. A remnant apical organ was only found in Semiorbiseptum, with its presence/absence being important as a diagnostic character at the generic level for Semiorbiseptum, Scalithrium, and Rhinebothroides. A secondary objective was to characterize the microthrix pattern of the myzorhynchus of N. navonae. An extended distribution of spinitriches was detected, which may allow a better adhesion of this large species to the host mucosa, as the main function of spinitriches is presumably that of adhesion.

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“…However, these scolex glands are also present in adults of the genera Diphyllobothrium, Ligula, Schistocephalus and Spirometra (Kwa 1972, Öhman-James 1973, Andersen 1975, Gustaffson and Vaihela 1981, Kuperman and Davydov 1982, i.e. members of the other clade, the Diphyllobothriidea, which have previously been included together with Bothriocephalidea within the Pseudophyllidea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of cestodes previously placed within the order Pseudophyllidea, i.e. groups now recognized as the Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea (see Brabec et al 2006), the presence of different types of scolex glands in adult tapeworms has been indicated (Kwa 1972;Öhman-James 1973;Andersen 1975Andersen , 1979Arme and Threadgold 1976;Boyce 1976;Tedesco and Coggins 1980;Gustaffson and Vaihela 1981;Kuperman and Davydov 1982;Granath et al 1983;Davydov and Mikryakov 1988;Kuperman 1988;Diaz-Castaneda et al 1995;Žd'árská and Nebesáøová 1997;Whittington and Cribb 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal glands in the pseudoscolex of Paraechinophallus japonicus (Yamaguti, 1934) (Cestoda, Bothriocephalidea, Echinophallidae)

Poddubnaya

Scholz²,

Levron

et al. 2007

Acta Parasitologica

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The glands in the pseudoscolex of the echinophallid cestode Paraechinophallus japonicus (Bothriocephalidea), a parasite of the bathypelagic fish Psenopsis anomala (Perciformes, Centrolophidae), were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two types of glands, with different morphological types of secretory granules and mechanisms for discharging their glandular secretion, were observed. Both types of gland cell bodies are localized in the parenchyma of the pseudoscolex. The syncytial glands of type I are characterized by the production of small (all ∼0.25 µm in diameter), rounded, dense secretory granules which pass though thin projections into the distal tegumental layer of the pseudoscolex. This type of gland has a unique method of discharging its secretory granules, which we call tumulogenesis. The elimination of the secretory products is realized by an encroachment of the basement membrane and underlying tegumental muscles into the surface region of the distal cytoplasm of the tegument, resulting in the formation of a 'glandular stalk' above which develops a superficial glandular tumulus. In the region of the glandular material of the tumulus, the basement membrane of the stalk forms a dilation, and the appearance of a membrane-bound area serves to separate the tumulus from the distal cytoplasm of the tegument. Unicellular glands of type II are characterized by large granules (0.4-0.9 µm in diameter), the presence of peripheral microtubules in the terminal region of their ducts and an eccrine mechanism for the discharge of their secretory granules. A comparative analysis of the distribution and morphology of the types of scolex glands among members of the different families of the 'Pseudophyllidea' (currently believed to represent two distinct orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea) is presented.

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Studies on the sparganum of Spirometra erinacei—III. The fine structure of the tegument in the scolex

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Unified terminology for cestode microtriches: a proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008

Unified terminology for cestode microtriches: a proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008

Morphology and glandular composition of the myzorhynchus and the remnant apical organ in adult cestodes of the order Rhinebothriidea from batoids off Argentina

Frontal glands in the pseudoscolex of Paraechinophallus japonicus (Yamaguti, 1934) (Cestoda, Bothriocephalidea, Echinophallidae)

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