Studies on the Solubility of Certain Dental Materials

Abstract

ONE of the important considerations associated with the selection and use of any dental material is its solubility in oral fluids. The most common laboratory test for solubility is the measurement of disintegration in distilled water, as outlined in A.D.A. Specifications 8 and 9. Using this test, one study on silicate cement showed a gradual decrease in solubility with time.' It has been suggested that these observations are not corroborated in the clinical restoration and that durability may be dependent upon a number of unknown factors. Henschel,2 in a clinical survey, noted that the lingual and labial areas of silicate restorations which are exposed to the greatest washing action of the saliva, as well as the most mechanical wear, remain relatively intact, most disintegration occurring adjacent to gingival areas where debris and food plaques collect. It is also recognized that in spite of the low solubility of zinc phosphate cement in distilled water, deterioration of the thin layer surrounding the casting is common.3Even though water is a primary constituent of saliva, other factors appear to contribute to the disintegration of dental cements. Since the greatest solution of silicate restorations does occur in regions susceptible to the formation of food plaques, organic acids could be responsible for at least a portion of the clinical dissolution of these materials. Voelker demonstrated the solubility of different silicate cements to be 3 times greater in a 1 per cent lactic acid solution than in distilled water4 and Rosthj5 noted that silicates were more soluble in lactic than in acetic acid. These studies, involved a limited number of specimens, did not include many variables which may well be associated with solubility, and the composition of the restorative materials, themselves, have been altered considerably since this early work. Hence this present study was designed to investigate the effects of certain of these variables on the solubility of zinc phosphate and silicate cements. PROCEDURE Three commercial brands of zinc phosphate cement and 2 silicates were employed in the study. The consistency at which they were tested was established by a modification of the A.D.A. slump test for silicates and zinc phosphate cement. Various methods of fabricating the specimens were tried and the following procedure evolved.

The physical–mechanical performance of the new Ketac™ Molar Easymix compared to commercially available glass ionomer restoratives

“…This is in line with findings of other workers. [13][14][15] Subsuming the overall sensitivity of conventional glass ionomer restoratives towards solubility in acidic and neutral aqueous environment, Ketac TM Molar Easymix from 3M Fig. 6a-e. To obtain a more concise illustration only the first (taken after 1 min) and the last spectrum (taken after 24 h) is plotted for each material.…”

Influence of pH and storage time on sorption and solubility behaviour of carboxylate and resin cements

“…Possible factors influencing the solubility may include time of dissolution, concentration of solute in dissolution medium, pH of the medium, specimen shape and thickness and powder/liquid ratio of cement. 2,[5][6][7]11 The solubility of cements in oral cavity has been considered a primary cause of failure of cast restorations, contributing to recurrent caries and/or loss of restoration. 5 An ideal luting agent is impervious to oral fluids and resists dissolution over the lifetime of the restoration.…”

“…Evaluations of the solubility of conventional luting agents have been reported by many researchers. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Different techniques have been employed to measure cement erosion. Various researchers calculated the cement loss by weight analysis of cement specimens [8][9][10] or by chemical analysis of the ion concentration in the erosion liquid.…”

“…Various researchers calculated the cement loss by weight analysis of cement specimens [8][9][10] or by chemical analysis of the ion concentration in the erosion liquid. 11,12 Other methods include profilometry, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] stereoscopic measurements 16 or SEM observation. 17 The most common laboratory test of solubility is the American Dental Association (ADA) specification no.…”

Studies on Film Thickness, Solubility, and Marginal Leakage of Dental Cements

“…3 There were greater variations between the commercial brands of silicate cement than between brands of the other types of materials. The addition of amalgam alloy to zinc phosphate cement had no influence on film thickness.…”