Studies on the Significance of Taurine in Radiation Injury

Abe, Mitsuyuki; Takahashi, Masaji; Takeuchi, Katsumi; Fukuda, Masasi

doi:10.2307/3572413

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Obinata et al showed ALT concentrations recovering in children with fatty liver after 6-months treatment with oral taurine administered daily [4]. Protective effects of taurine against arteriosclerosis [5], lung injury by oxidant gases [6], deleterious effects of various drugs such as tauromustine, an antitumor agent, [7], hepatotoxicity of sulfolithocholate [8], and its promotion of the recovery of leukocytes in irradiated rats [9] have already been studied on animals. The therapeutic effects of taurine on epilepsy [10], ischemia [11], obesity [12], diabetes [13], hypertension [14], Congestive heart failure [15], noxious effect of smoking [16], toxicity of methotrexate [17] myocardial infarction [18], alcoholic craving [19], and neurodegeneration in elderly [20] have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Taurine in Healthy Volunteers

Ghandforoush-Sattari

Mashayekhi

Krishna

et al. 2010

Journal of Amino Acids

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Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is a normal constituent of the human diet. Little is known of the pharmacokinetics of taurine in man after oral administration. We studied the pharmacokinetics of 4 g taurine in eight healthy male volunteers (median age 27.5, range 22–45) following orally administration in the fasting state in the morning. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals and plasma taurine concentration was measured by a modified HPLC method. Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Maximum plasma taurine concentration (Cmax) was measured at 1.5 ± 0.6 hr after administration as 86.1 ± 19.0 mg/L (0.69 ± 0.15 mmol). Plasma elimination half-life (T1/2) and the ratio of clearance/bioavailability (Cl/F) were 1.0 ± 0.3 hr and 21.1 ± 7.8 L/hr, respectively. Since taurine is occasionally used in therapeutics as a medicine, the pharmacokinetics and effects of oral taurine in healthy volunteers would be useful in the future studies of taurine in pharmacology and nutrition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Taurine in Healthy Volunteers

Ghandforoush-Sattari

Mashayekhi

Krishna

et al. 2010

Journal of Amino Acids

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“…Rather, it should be used as one among several components in multifactorial prophylactic and therapeutic interventions with multiple aims, viz . (1) optimizing cellular antioxidant defense, (2) optimizing DNA repair during and following the exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, (3) minimizing the post-traumatic inflammatory reaction, (4) optimizing the recovery of immunological functions, (5) optimizing all other forms of tissue repair and regeneration, especially in the gastrointestinal tract (if at all feasible), and (6) preventing the development of fibrosis and scar formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes they may also have been published in journals or books not included in this literature data base. As examples of literature demonstrating radiation protection by taurine or taurine derivatives in cultured cells or animals, see references 1–9.…”

Section: The Effects Of Ionizing Radiation On Taurine Excretion and Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

Christophersen¹

2012

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using ...

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“…In 1992, it was reported that taurine content was eradicated after chemotherapy ( 71 ), whereas the expression levels of its precursor molecules remained constant ( 71 ). It has been highlighted that the pleiotropic nature of taurine enables the increased absorption of chemotherapeutic drugs ( 129 ), the alleviation of stress-induced insults ( 130 ), the reduction of radiation-induced injury ( 131 ) and the attenuation of inflammatory injury ( 132 ). Indeed, taurine holds great promise in some oxidative stress conditions mediated by ammonia ( 133 ) or acetaminophen ( 134 ) or gentamicin ( 135 ), without displaying any adverse effect.…”

Section: The Role Of Taurine In Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review)

Baliou

Kyriakopoulos²,

Spandidos

et al. 2020

Int J Oncol

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For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N-Bromotaurine or N-Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside. Contents 1. The role of taurine in inflammation 2. Formation of taurine haloamines 3. Anti-microbial properties of taurine haloamines 4. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of taurine haloamines 5. Therapeutic perspectives and clinical studies 6. Significance of lncRNA TUG1 lncRNA in cancer 7. The association of lncRNA TUG1 and chemoresistance 8. The role of taurine or lncRNA TUG1 as a prognostic marker 9. Conclusions

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Studies on the Significance of Taurine in Radiation Injury

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Taurine in Healthy Volunteers

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Taurine in Healthy Volunteers

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review)

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