“…Although it grows in Shetland, its foliage is often blackened by autumn gales (Scott & Palmer 1987). Elder occurred at 3% of stations on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path in a survey (Gulliver 1992) of exposed locations (excluding those in more sheltered areas such as bays and inlets). Elder was considered to have moderate to low tolerance to salt‐laden winds, in comparison with Prunus spinosa (highly tolerant, present at 17.3% of stations) and Crataegus monogyna (moderately tolerant, present at 6.8% of stations).…”