Studies on the secretion of amino acids and of urea into the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Bergner, H.; Simon, O.; Żebrowska, T.; Münchmeyer, R

doi:10.1080/17450398609421050

Cited by 16 publications

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“…9 % der Diät) die 35 S-Ausscheidung über den Kot gesteigert wurde (gegenüber einer Diät mit 3 % Strohmehl). Bergner et al (1975) konnten nach Zulagen von 5 %, 10 % bzw. 20 % Strohmehl zur Diät an Versuchsratten nach oraler Infusion bzw.…”

Section: F) Schätzmethode Zur Ermittlung Der Präzäkalen N-resorption unclassified

“…Nach einer Auswertung der Untersuchungen von Breite (1973) hinsichtlich der Beziehung der wahren Verdaulichkeit der Aminosäuren in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Molekularmasse publizierten Bergner et al (1975) (Bergner et al 1984b) Transaminierung im intermediären Stoffwechsel. Dagegen können die 3 genannten 14 N-Aminosäuren auch über die endogenen Sektrete oder das nichtabgebaute Futterprotein in den Kot gelangen.…”

Section: F) Schätzmethode Zur Ermittlung Der Präzäkalen N-resorption unclassified

“…Die Adsorption von 14 C-markierten Aminosäuren an der Oberfläche von pflanzlichen Materialien, insbesondere von Stroh, konnte von Bergner et al (1981) (Mosenthin und Henkel, 1978;Mosenthin, 1979;Bergner et al, 1986) auch in den Dickdarm gelangt. Bergner und Tegtmeier (1985) Krawielitzki et al (1992) ermittelten an Ratten nach der Methodik der Stufenschlachtung und gleichzeitiger Markierung des Futters mit TiO 2 für 15 N-markierten Weizen eine wahre N-Verdaulichkeit im 3.…”

Section: F) Schätzmethode Zur Ermittlung Der Präzäkalen N-resorption unclassified

“…3 gezeigte Beziehung zwischen wahrer Aminosäuren-Verdaulichkeit und ihrer Molekularmasse. Aus allen Experimenten resultierte übereinstimmend, daß die niedermolekularen Aminosäuren in höherer Menge über den Kot ausgeschieden wurden und auch die Korrektur über den Verlust an endogenen Aminosäuren bei N-freier Fütterung (bei gleicher Gabe an Gerüstsubstanzen) die Erniedrigung der wahren Verdaulichkeit dieser Aminosäuren nicht ausgleichen konnte.HoltkularmasscAbbildung 2 Beziehung zwischen wahrer Verdaulichkeit der Aminosäuren und Molekularmasse der Aminosäu-ren bei Ratten, die Diäten mit 24 % Ackerbohnenschalen (10,4 % Rohfaser) erhielten (Experimente nachBreite, 1973; vorliegende Auswertung nachBergner et al 1975) Abbildung 3 Beziehung zwischen wahrer Verdaulichkeit der Aminosäuren und Molekularmasse der Aminosäu-ren bei Diäten mit Rohfaserzulagen unterschiedlicher Herkunft(Meier und Poppe, 1979) Die Probleme des Umsatzes von Stickstoff und Aminosäuren im Dickdarm komplizieren sich durch die bakterielle Neusynthese von Aminosäuren, wenn fermentierbare Rohfaser in den Dickdarm gelangt.So konntenBergner et al (1984a) an Schweinen, die 10 Tage 15 N-Ammonsalze erhielten, nachweisen, daß eine hohe positive Korrelation zwischen der 15 NMarkierung des Kotproteins und dem Rohfasergehalt der Diät vorliegt.Es konnten die in Abb. 4 erhaltenen Beziehungen ermittelt werden.…”

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Ermittlung der eiweissqualität von nahrungs‐ und futtermitteln*

Bergner

1994

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The estimated value of true digestibility of food and feed proteins is in dependence from the excretion of metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN). Results of many authors showed that a high fibre content of the diet increase the MFN-excretion and lower the true digestibility of the diet protein. The exact estimation of MFN is only possible with isotopic methods. The labelling of feed proteins with isotopic nitrogen (15N) is possible in experiments with small animals. In big animals (pigs) the utilization of recycled 15N is too high following the long transit time of non digested 15N-labelled feed protein and the parallel 15N-labelling of MFN. The best method for the estimation of true digestibility of proteins is the method with 15N-labelled animals and the differentiation between nonlabelled undigested feed protein and the 15N-labelled MFN in faeces. The estimation of digestibility of essential amino acids at the end of the ileum as a measure for protein quality is not in advantage because the bacterial breakdown and synthesis of amino acids in the small intestine is unknown. The estimation of the biological value (BV) of proteins with the classical method is useful when the exact MFN was determined. The classic formula of BV [formula: see text] is only applicable in experiments with growing animals with nitrogen retention. This result of BV value is in agreement with the method only valid for growing animals with N-retention and not for animals or human beings in maintenance. The measurement of a BV of proteins with animals in maintenance is possible when the animals are labelled with 15N. The 15N-loss of the animal after the feeding of different protein sources is the smallest when the amino acid pattern of the protein is adapted to the need of amino acids for the maintenance metabolism of the animal. It was found that proteins with a high content of glutamic and aspartic acid (proteins of grains) are better proteins for the maintenance metabolism as animal proteins. Measurements with the method of the oxydation rate of essential amino acids showed that the amino acid pattern of wheat protein is in agreement with the need of amino acids for maintenance of the adult men. The evaluation of protein quality in animal nutrition for growing or lactating monogastric animals is in the present time the balance of essential amino acids in the feed protein and the need of this amino acids of the animals.

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Section: F) Schätzmethode Zur Ermittlung Der Präzäkalen N-resorption unclassified

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Ermittlung der eiweissqualität von nahrungs‐ und futtermitteln*

Bergner

1994

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“…However, for commensal intestinal bacteria ureases can probably function as colonization factors as well, as they contribute in general to acid resistance and thereby play a role in gastrointestinal survival [367]. Urea is released into all parts of the intestinal tract via diffusion from the blood, but it has been reported that pancreatic excretions and bile are a main route of entry [368]. So far, we have not been able to demonstrate urease activity in R. ilealis CRIB T [316].…”

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Interactive functional networks in microbiota

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Humans are not autonomous entities. We are all living in a complex environment, interacting not only with our peers, but as true holobionts we are also very much in interaction with our coexisting microbial ecosystems living on and especially within us, in the intestine. Intestinal microorganisms, often collectively referred to as intestinal microbiota, contribute significantly to our daily energy uptake by breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which are fermented to short-chain fatty acids and subsequently absorbed by human cells. They also have an impact on our immune system, by suppressing or enhancing the growth of malevolent and beneficial microbes. Our lifestyle can have a large influence on this ecosystem. What and how much we consume can tip the ecological balance in the intestine. A "western diet" containing mainly processed food will have a different effect on our health than a balanced diet fortified with pre-and probiotics. In recent years, new technologies have emerged, which made a more detailed understanding of microbial communities and ecosystems feasible. This includes progress in the sequencing of PCR-amplified phylogenetic marker genes as well as the collective microbial metagenome and metatranscriptome, allowing us to determine with an increasing level of detail, which microbial species are in the microbiota, understand what these microorganisms do and how they respond to changes in lifestyle and diet. These new technologies also include the use of synthetic and in vitro systems, which allow us to study the impact of substrates and addition of specific microbes to microbial communities at a high level of detail, and enable us to gather quantitative data for modelling purposes. Here we will review the current state of microbiome research, summarizing the computational methodologies in this area, and highlighting possible outcomes for personalized nutrition and medicine. [301]). The researchers in the microbiome field need to be aware that this hype can also happen to the microbiome [302, 303]. Current microbiome research aims to overcome some of these challenges. Obesity research is likely to contribute in the close future to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the 4P medicine might partially become achievable in not too distant future, leading to better health and combating epidemics like obesity. Chapter 3: Genomic and functional analysis of Romboutsia ilealis CRIB T reveals adaptation to the small intestine.

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Effects of dietary fibre and protein on urea transport across the cecal mucosa of piglets

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In ruminants, gastrointestinal recycling of urea is acutely enhanced by fibre-rich diets that lead to high ruminal concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), while high ammonia has inhibitory effects. This study attempted to clarify if urea flux to the porcine cecum is similarly regulated. Thirty-two weaned piglets were fed diets containing protein (P) of poor prececal digestibility and fibre (F) at high (H) or low levels (L) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. After slaughter, cecal content was analyzed and the cecal mucosa incubated in Ussing chambers to measure the effect of pH, SCFA and NH4 (+) on the flux rates of urea, short-circuit current (I sc) and tissue conductance (G t). NH4 (+) significantly enhanced I sc (from 0.5 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.1 μEq cm(-2) h(-1)). No acute effects of SCFA or ammonia on urea flux were observed. Tissue conductance was significantly lower in the high dietary fibre groups irrespective of the protein content. Only the HP-LF group emerged as different from all others in terms of urea flux (74 ± 6 versus 53 ± 3 nmol cm(-2) h(-1)), associated with higher cecal ammonia concentration and reduced fecal consistency. The data suggest that as in the rumen, uptake of ammonia by the cecum may involve electrogenic transport of the ionic form (NH4 (+)). In contrast to findings in the rumen, neither a high fibre diet nor acute addition of SCFA enhanced urea transport across the pig cecum. Instead, a HP-LF diet had stimulatory effects. A potential role for urea recycling in stabilizing luminal pH is discussed.

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Studies on the secretion of amino acids and of urea into the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Ermittlung der eiweissqualität von nahrungs‐ und futtermitteln*

Ermittlung der eiweissqualität von nahrungs‐ und futtermitteln*

Interactive functional networks in microbiota

Effects of dietary fibre and protein on urea transport across the cecal mucosa of piglets

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