Studies on the Root Development of Herbage Plants

Baker, H. Kendra; Garwood, E. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1959.tb01000.x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Baker and Garwood (3) found that the weight of root material under established swards was greatest in the summer and then decreased until the following spring. A similar pattern was found by Troughton (16), although Brown (4) and Kmoch el al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal Variation in Appearance and Growth of Grass Roots

Garwood

1967

Grass and Forage Science

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Data from two field experiments, and from a root observation trench, suggest an annual cycle of root growth by grass swards. The production of adventitious roots from the tillers of four grass species, and from perennial ryegrass in a grass/clover sward varied greatly during the year. They were produced in increasing numbers through late winter to early spring; this rate fell sharply in April or May, and was low in summer. The differences in this annual cycle between grass species were small. Examination of roots of perennial ryegrass in a glass-sided trench showed that root elongation was most rapid in summer and was largely confined to the lower soil horizons. Rather more roots were produced in early autumn than during summer, but the rate of elongation was slow from October until spring. Individual roots of grasses appeared to survive for limited periods. Their longevity depended upon the time of year in which they were first formed; those produced in autumn or winter lived longer than those produced in spring or summer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal Variation in Appearance and Growth of Grass Roots

Garwood

1967

Grass and Forage Science

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“…This pattern of root production was reflected in that of biomass C observed in the present experiment. Baker and Garwood (1959) recorded a larger percentage of roots in the top 10 cm of soil under grass/clover than under grass alone, and observed that a considerable proportion of these roots were separated from the plant and were in various stages of decay. The consistently larger values for microbial C under grass/clover recorded in the present experiment may be due to increased availability of substrates derived from clover roots, even though C extracted by 0.5 M K,SO, was significantly (Y<O.OOl) smaller.…”

Section: A W Bristow S C Jarvismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grazing and nitrogen fertiliser on the soil microbial biomass under permanent pasture

Bristow

Jarvis

1991

J Sci Food Agric

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A B S T R A C TCarbon and nitrogen in the soil microbial biomass were measured on eight occasions during a grassland production season, under swards of perennial ryegrass receiving 210 or 420 kg N ha-' per year or of ryegrasslwhite clover receiving no fertiliser N . The swards were either cut or grazed at monthly intervals. Soil microbial biomass C increased under all treatments in late April before declining until late July and rising slowly towards the end of the season. Values for microbial C under cutting and grazing were not significantly different but were usually larger under grasslclover than under grass. I n contrast, the smallest values for soil microbial biomass N were recorded in late April. Larger N values were again recorded under grass1 clover, and although values were nearly always smaller under grazing than under the corresponding cut treatment the differences were not significant.Soil biomass N comprised a large reservoir of mobile N , and at any one time contained 11,3 and 5 times more N than was present in the mineral N component of the soil, the standing crop or excretal returns, respectively. I t did not appear to be responsive, within a season, to the considerable returns of C and N from grazing animals or to N fertiliser management.

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“…There was little change in the concentration of fructosan in the stubble on the infrequently-cut swards as this regrowth occurred. This regrowth was accompanied by a sharp fall in the weight of stubble (Baker and Garwood,3) and hence in the quantity of carbohydrates per unit area.…”

Section: Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Root Development of Herbage Plants

Baker¹,

Garwood²

1961

Grass and Forage Science

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Two cutting treatments were applied to a cocksfoot sward, and the changes in fructosan and solublesugar contents of the roots, stubble and herbage were studied over a complete year, Boih the soluble-sugar and fructosan contents of roots were at a low level throughout the experiment. The total soluble carbohydrate in the roots never exceeded 4%. It is concluded that cocksfoot roots are not important storage regions for soluble carbohydrates.The total soluble carbohydrate in herbage varied with season and reached a maximum of 10%. It was not alTected by cuuing treatment.In stubbie the total soiuble-carbohydrate content fluctuated markedly with season and reached a maximum of 18% in October; it was generally higher on the infrequently-cut swards than on those cut frequently. The soluble-sugar content was small and changed Iitlle with season or cutting treatment ; the fructosan content, however, varied from 2 to 16-6"^, and accounted for most of the changes in the soluble-carbohydrate content. Stubble is apparently the major storage region for soluble carbohydrates in cocksfoot.Under sward conditions, the quantity of soluble carbohydrates in the stubble of cocksfoot may have a positive etTect on the herhage growth immediately after winter defoliation. However, when swards are actively growing in spring, other factors, such as tiller size and number, may be equally important in determining the amount of herbage recovery growth.

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Studies on the Root Development of Herbage Plants

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Seasonal Variation in Appearance and Growth of Grass Roots

Seasonal Variation in Appearance and Growth of Grass Roots

Effects of grazing and nitrogen fertiliser on the soil microbial biomass under permanent pasture

Studies on the Root Development of Herbage Plants

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