Studies on the role of intravascular coagulation in irreversible hemorrhagic shock

Haemorrhagic Shock in the Dog. The Formation of Thromboemboli During Antifibrinolytic Therapy

“…The changes in the coagulation factors after massive haemorrhage re ported earlier [6,10], clearly indicate that haemorrhage initiates a coagu lation process. The lack of pathoanatomical evidence on intravascular coagulation in the dog is in agreement with earlier studies in which intra vascular coagulation was induced by injection of thromboplastic material and thrombin [23,19,5,11].…”

“…This is seen as a decreased platelet count [22] and increased platelet adhesiveness [14] and also as a shortening of the coagulation time [4,22,6], an increased fibrinogen turnover [8], and a decrease of the activity of the various coagulation factors consumed in the coagulation process [22, 7,9]. There is also an activation of the fibrinolytic system [22, 7,9].…”

Platelet Changes Following Clinical And Experimental Hepatic Homotransplantation

“…A similar platelet clearing has been demonstrated in cat kidneys initially cooled in vivo to a temperature of 20 C; some persistence of the effect was noted even after rewarming. 16 The mechanism in both instances could be related to that responsible for the widespread formation of microthrombi 17 in experimental shock 18,19 or prolonged systemic hypothermia. 20,21 This possibility, which cannot be excluded, even derives some credence from the fact that decreases in fibrinogen concentration often accompanied the thrombocytopenia.…”

Thrombophlebitis and Basic Vascular Problems

“…The fact that injury to a vessel wall, particularly the intima, will result in an immediate accumulation of platelets with subsequent fibrin formation is well-known and well-documented. 5 s With accumulation of platelets there is platelet agglutination and breakdown, with liberation of thromboplastin and fibrin accumulation. The breaks in endothelium and irregular surfaces produced by atherosclerosis are well-known in their production of thrombosis.…”

“…Closely related to particulate matter and depending on the surface activation (Hageman factor) are changes in the blood produced when the blood is outside the body or contacts foreign material in such cases as extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery, artificial kidney procedures and the ordinary storage of transfusion blood in various types of containers. Of these, by far the most important is extracorporeal circulation for three reasons: (1) the entire blood volume is repeatedly circulated over foreign surfaces for a period of time; (2) this takes place during surgery when the circulation is in a vasoconstricted, capillary dilated, stagnant state, during which time it is particularly susceptible to coagulation as discussed in the first part of this paper; and (3) a blood-gas interface is usually involved as in disk or bubble oxygenator., Any interface is particularly effective in promoting coagulation 5 ' due to the influence of surface phenomenon on ionic charges. The reorientation of ionic charges at a surface produces changes which result in the initiation of coagulation.'…”