Studies on the primary production of the river Shatt Al-Arab at Basrah, Iraq

Huq, Molla Fazlul; Al‐Saadi, Hussain A.; Hameed, Hameed A.

doi:10.1007/bf00006383

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding agrees with those of Huq et al ( 1981) and Antoine (in press) and supports the views of Lewis & Weibeizahn (1969) in that primary productivity of suspended organisms is low in streams.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…There 151 present findings of a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll-a and primary productivity is in agreement with those recorded by Ertl & Tomajka (1973) and Ertl (1976) in the Danube River and by Huq et al (1981) in the Shatt al-Arab River.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The pattern of seasonal variations of chlorophyll-a in the non-tidal reaches of the River Ely is in general a unimodal one with a maximum in spring and a minimum in winter. Such a unimodal trend was also reported in many streams and rivers of the world with maxima either in autumn, in the Danube (Ertl et al 1972), Kiel Bight (Bodengen et al 1975 and in the Shatt al-Arab River (Huq et al 1981) or in spring, in Bere Stream or in summer in Dockens and Ober Waters (Marker 1976a). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Since chlorophyll-a is essential for photosynthesis and is easily measured, several attempts have been made to relate its concentration to the rate of photosynthesis of phytoplankton populations (Ryther & Yentsch 1957, 1958Strickland 1960;Williams & Murdoch 1966;Huq et al 1981). There 151 present findings of a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll-a and primary productivity is in agreement with those recorded by Ertl & Tomajka (1973) and Ertl (1976) in the Danube River and by Huq et al (1981) in the Shatt al-Arab River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rivers are usually poor in their productivity and only become productive when enriched with nutrients (Odum 1956;Huq et al 1981), which are either added naturally or artificially through the different activities of man. Several investigators have explained the primary productivity in rivers as a function of solar radiation, temperature, chlorophyll concentration and euphotic depth (Kowalczeski & Lack 1971;Takahashi et al 1973;Naiman 1976;Rickert et al 1977), whereas Blum (1956) pointed out that productivity depends on the speed of the current, the size of the stream and the nature of the bottom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary productivity of the River Ely, South Wales, U.K.

Esho

Benson‐Evans

1983

Hydrobiologia

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The present study was carried out on the non-tidal reaches of the River Ely, South Wales, from October 1979 to October 1980. The seasonal variations of the chlorophyll-a content of the phytoplankton was unimodal with one maximum in May and a minimum in December. The chlorophyll-a content varied from 0.277 to 41.259 mg m ~ 3. The primary productivity showed a bimodal seasonal distribution with two maxima in May and September and lower values throughout the remainder of the year, particularly in winter. The value for the primary productivity varied from 0.269 to 24.302 mg C m 3 h-l. A positive correlation was obtained between chlorophyll-a content and primary productivity. The seasonal distribution of the dominant algal species and the saprobity of the River Ely were also studied. The diatom species almost showed a similar seasonal periodicity. Their concentrations were low during the winter months and high during most of the spring and summer months. Many of the dominant diatom species found in the phytoplankton populations were either considered by the other authors as saprobic (Nitzschia palea) or as inhabitants of eutrophic waters (Gomphonemaparvulum, Navicula cryptocephala and Synedra ulna). Chlamydomonas spp. were the most abundant green algae followed by Chlorella vulgaris. The effect of sewage effluent disposal and cattle excreta at three of the sampling sites might partly explain the presence of high Chlamydomonas spp. populations at those sites. Physical factors (low flow rates, high transparency and water temperature) and organic pollution at some sampling sites seemed to play an important role in increasing the number of algal species during spring and summer. The non-tidal reaches of the River Ely were found to be fl-mesosaprobic above and below Station 5 and t~-mesosaprobic at the latter station and therefore, the river can be considered as polluted at Station 5 and mildly polluted at the others.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary productivity of the River Ely, South Wales, U.K.

Esho

Benson‐Evans

1983

Hydrobiologia

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Algal ecology and composition in the Garmat ali river, Iraq

Al‐Saadi

Al‐Lami²,

Kassim³

1996

Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt.

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Planktonic, epipelic and epiphytic algae were studied monthly, during the period from January to December 1985 in the Garmat ali river, a naturally regulated river draining to the al‐Hammar marsh, Iraq. Chlorophyll‐a, primary productivity and water quality variables were also measured. High light penetration was noticed during the winter and spring. The water is oligohaline, alkaline and very hard. Reactive nitrate was found in higher concentrations than nitrite, and there were low concentrations of reactive phosphate. Two peaks were noticed for chlorophyll‐a concentrations during spring and autumn, whereas only one occurred during autumn for primary productivity. The study area may be characterized as typically mesotrophic. A total of 154 species of algae was identified, including 65, 89, 98 and 77 species of plankton, epipelic and epiphytic algae on Potamogeton lucens and on Ceratophyllum demersum, respectively. Only 25 species were common to all the different communities. Diatoms were the dominant group in the epipelic and epiphytic algae during the study period, as well as in the plankton during spring and autumn. Seasonal variations were clear in the total cell numbers of algae from different habitats.

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