Studies on the phospholipid composition of pathogenic cell membranes of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>

Hwang, Fen; Wen, De-cheng; Wu, Yang; Li, Yue-zhen; Dong, Qinghua; Wang, Sumin

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80186-7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The same is true for mycoplasma, which are the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes having only a plasma membrane largely composed of PG or CL without cell wall or other lipid containing structures. However, they can uptake lipids from the environment or host and incorporate them in the membrane to stiffen them, e.g., by incorporation of sterol/sterol ester and triglycerides in Mycoplasma homini s [ 64 ] or PC and sphingomyelin in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , a pathogen isolated in China [ 121 ]. In accordance with this observation incorporation of cholesterol in cell wall-deficient Acholeplasma laidlawii abolished the gel-to-fluid phase transition [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Architecture Of Gram-positive Cell Envelopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria

2016

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have remarkably different structures as well as biological activity profiles, whereupon most of these peptides are supposed to kill bacteria via membrane damage. In order to understand their molecular mechanism and target cell specificity for Gram-positive bacteria, it is essential to consider the architecture of their cell envelopes. Before AMPs can interact with the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, they have to traverse the cell wall composed of wall- and lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycan. While interaction of AMPs with peptidoglycan might rather facilitate penetration, interaction with anionic teichoic acids may act as either a trap for AMPs or a ladder for a route to the cytoplasmic membrane. Interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane frequently leads to lipid segregation affecting membrane domain organization, which affects membrane permeability, inhibits cell division processes or leads to delocalization of essential peripheral membrane proteins. Further, precursors of cell wall components, especially the highly conserved lipid II, are directly targeted by AMPs. Thereby, the peptides do not inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis via binding to proteins like common antibiotics, but form a complex with the precursor molecule, which in addition can promote pore formation and membrane disruption. Thus, the multifaceted mode of actions will make AMPs superior to antibiotics that act only on one specific target.

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Section: Architecture Of Gram-positive Cell Envelopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria

2016

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“…In most mycoplasmas tested so far, either PG or both PG and CL were detected [4]. In M. penetrans and M. hyopneumoniae , however, the de novo synthesized phospholipids consisted predominantly of CL ([12, 30], resp.). Minor de novo synthesized phospholipids, tentatively identified as lysophosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid were also detected in several mycoplasmas [13, 24], but it seems that they represent breakdown products of PG and/or CL.…”

Section: De Novo Synthesized Acidic Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phospholipid Profile of Mycoplasmas

Kornspan¹,

Rottem²

2012

Journal of Lipids

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Thede novosynthesized polar lipids ofMycoplasmaspecies are rather simple, comprising primarily of the acidic glycerophospholipids PG and CL. In addition, when grown in a medium containing serum, significant amounts of PC and SPM are incorporated into the mycoplasma cell membrane although these lipids are very uncommon in wall-covered bacteria. The exogenous lipids are either incorporated unchanged or the PC incorporated is modified by a deacylation-acylation enzymatic cycle to form disaturated PC. Although their small genome, in someMycoplasmaspecies, other genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were detected, resulting in the synthesis of a variety of glycolipis, phosphoglycolipids and ether lipids. We suggest that analyses and comparisons of mycoplasma polar lipids may serve as a novel and useful tool for classification. Nonetheless, to evaluate the importance of polar lipids in mycoplasma, further systematic and extensive studies on moreMycoplasmaspecies are needed. While studies are needed to elucidate the role of lipids in the mechanisms governing the interaction of mycoplasmas with host eukaryotic cells, the finding that a terminal phosphocholine containing glycolipids ofM. fermentansserves both as a major immune determinants and as a trigger of the inflammatory responses, and the findings that the fusogenicity ofM. fermentanswith host cells is markedly stimulated by lyso-ether lipids, are important steps toward understanding the molecular mechanisms ofM. fermentanspathogenicity.

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“…Among surfactant phospholipids, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine is reported to be the principal component that reduces minimal surface tension at end-expiration [40]. Genome scale modelling studies have revealed surfactant degradation and myo-inositol catabolism as critical traits for virulence in M. hyopneumoniae [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A majority of Mycoplasma species including M. hyopneumoniae , lack the genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and therefore, the building units for bacterial membrane lipids are obtained from long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in the host [8]. Fatty acid analyses have revealed that Cl6–Cl8 fatty acids account for 79% of the M. hyopneumoniae membrane lipid composition, of which oleic, as well as palmitic acids are the major fatty acids [41]. Recently, metabolic modelling studies have suggested that an exogenous supply of fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids could improve the proliferation and survival of M. hyopneumoniae both in vitro and in vivo [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum metabolite markers of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

Nair

Yao

Chen

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogenic bacterium causing enzootic pneumonia, significantly affects worldwide swine production. The infection is usually persistent and bacterial identification and isolation of M. hyopneumoniae in clinical samples are challenging due to the fastidious requirements for its growth. Hence, new practical surveillance tools that improve or complement existing diagnostics on M. hyopneumoniae are desirable, especially in early infection. The objective of this study was to identify potential metabolite markers of early M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs through metabolomics analysis. Samples obtained from pigs in a previous M. hyopneumoniae experimental infection were used in this study. Briefly, two pigs served as mock inoculated controls and ten pigs were intra-tracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae. Sera, laryngeal swabs (LS), and tracheo-bronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) were collected from all pigs at 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Bronchial swabs (BS) were collected post-mortem at 28 dpi. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed by PCR in LS, TBLF and BS. Serum metabolites were profiled using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Metabolite markers were identified by structural analysis following multivariate analysis of LC–MS data. The results showed that M. hyopneumoniae infection time-dependently altered the serum levels of selective amino acids and fatty acids. α-Aminobutyric acid and long-chain fatty acids were markedly increased at 14 and 21 dpi in inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). These results indicated that M. hyopneumoniae infection caused systemic changes in host metabolism, warranting further studies to determine underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for the observed changes.

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Studies on the phospholipid composition of pathogenic cell membranes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria

The Phospholipid Profile of Mycoplasmas

Serum metabolite markers of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

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