Studies on the Ontogeny of the Dwarf Mistletoes, Arceuthobium. III. Development of the Inflorescence

Abstract

In vascular plants, the apical meristem of the shoot normally represents a continuation of growth in the apical meristem of the embryo itself. This is not the case in Arceuthobium. Here the shoot apex of the embryo is rudimentary and eventually dies after infection of the host occurs. The inflorescence of Arceuthobium is, therefore, an adventitious structure originating in the endophytic system rather than from the shoot apex of the seedling. Inflorescence buds arise in either of 2 ways. In some species (A. douglasii and A. americanum), buds first appear as small meristematic protuberances on the outer surface of cortical strands. In other species (A. campylopodum), the buds arise at the ends of short branches. The former, or diffuse, type gives rise to inflorescences along the entire surface of the host branch; in the latter, or condensed, type inflorescences are formed in clusters. Early ontogeny of the inflorescence apex of both types is described. Studies of subsequent growth of the inflorescence apex show 5 well‐defined plastochronic stages: (1) maximal area stage; (2) minimal area stage; (3) early post‐minimal stage; (4) late post‐minimal stage; and (5) pre‐maximal stage.

Penetration of western hemlock,Tsuga heterophylla, by the dwarf mistletoeArceuthobium tsugense, and development of the parasite cortical system

“…However, Cohen (1954Cohen ( , 1965 and Kuijt (1960) reported inclusions resembling starch grains in the sheath of A. campylopodum Engelm. and A. americanum Nutt.…”