Studies on the occurrence of infectious myonecrosis virus in pond‐reared <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (Boone, 1931) in India

Hameed, A.S. Sahul; Majeed, Shahid; Vimal, S.; Madan, N.; Rajkumar, T.; Santhoshkumar, S; Sivakumar, S.

doi:10.1111/jfd.12655

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The introduction of exotic species has the risk of disease outbreaks caused by the pathogens which are not reported previously in India. Recently, the occurrence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and IMNV has been reported after the introduction of L. vannamei to Indian aquaculture system (Rajendran et al, ; Sahul Hameed et al, ; Santhoshkumar et al, ). Behera et al () reported for the first time the occurrence of TiLV in Nile tilapia farms in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro propagation of tilapia lake virus in cell lines developed from Oreochromis mossambicus

Nanthini¹,

Majeed²,

Vimal³

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)‐suspected samples of tilapia were collected from grow‐out ponds located with clinical signs and mortality ranged from 5% to 50%. The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay revealed the presence of TiLV in the disease outbreak ponds. Cell lines were developed from heart, gill and eye of Mozambique tilapia and characterized. Morphologically, these cell lines are composed of epithelioid cells. The optimum growth of these cells was observed at 28°C and 20% concentration of FBS. After cryopreservation, 70%–90% of cells were found to be viable. The cells of all three cell lines were found to be positive to fibronectin and pancytokeratin. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and COI of O. mossambicus confirmed the origin of these cell lines from O. mossambicus. Heart and gill cell lines were found to be highly susceptible to TiLV and found to be useful for its isolation from infected fish samples. The experimental infection was carried out in O. niloticus and O. mossambicus using the TiLV propagated in susceptible cell lines. The RT‐PCR results revealed the presence of TiLV in brain, gill, liver, kidney, spleen, eye, muscle, intestine and heart of experimentally infected O. niloticus and O. mossambicus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro propagation of tilapia lake virus in cell lines developed from Oreochromis mossambicus

Nanthini¹,

Majeed²,

Vimal³

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…A surveillance program supported by National Fisheries Development Board of ICAR, India is being carried out to monitor aquaculture systems throughout the country for emerging diseases in shrimp, prawn and fish. As a result of this program which is now into its third year, the occurrence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (2, 3) and infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in pond-reared L. vannamei (4), cyprinid herpesvirus-2 in goldfish (5) and tilapia lake virus in Nile tilapia (6) has been reported. In the field condition, various control strategies such as improvement of environmental conditions, stocking of specific pathogen-free shrimp post-larvae and augmentation of disease resistance by oral immunostimulants, are being applied to control WSSV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral viral compound fromStreptomyces ghanaensislike strain against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp

Rajkumar¹,

Manimaran

Taju³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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35Actinomycetes isolates collected from different environments were screened for 36 antiviral activity against WSSV. One isolate designated as CAHSH-2 showed antiviral 37 activity against WSSV at the concentration of 0.2 mg per shrimp. The laboratory trial of 38 determining antiviral activity of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAcE) of CAHSH-2 against WSSV 39 was carried out 21 times since 2014. CAHSH-2 isolate which showed antiviral activity was 40 characterized and identified as Streptomyces ghanaensis like strain. Among the five fractions 41 obtained from EtOAcE of potential actinomycetes isolate, F1 was found to have strong 42 antiviral activity. The F1A and F1B sub-fractions from F1 fraction were subjected to GC-MS, 43 FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses and, the compounds identified were di-n-octyl phthalate and 44 bis (2-methylheptyl) phthalate, respectively. Among these compounds, di-n-octyl phthalate 45 showed strong antiviral activity against WSSV. Molecular docking studies revealed that di-n-46 octyl phthalate was found to have high binding affinity with VP26 and VP28 proteins of 47 WSSV, whereas the bis (2-methylheptyl) phthalate showed low binding affinity with VP26 48 and VP28. The antiviral activity of EtOAcE of actinomycetes against WSSV was confirmed 49 by PCR, RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA. The EA extract of active isolate was found to be 50 non-toxic to Artemia, post-larvae and adult Litopenaeus vannamei. 51 Importance 52 53White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an important shrimp viral pathogen and 54 responsible for huge economic loss to shrimp culture industry worldwide including India. The 55 global loss due to WSSV has been estimated about USD 10 billion and the loss continues at 56 the same extent even now. Various strategies have been followed to prevent or control 57 diseases of aquatic animals. In spite of various preventive and control strategies, WSSV has 58 been still persisting for more than two decades. No control strategies have so far been evolved 59 to put a break to WSSV. In this situation, an attempt was made in the present work to screen 60 some actinomycetes isolates for antiviral activity against WSSV. Among these isolates, one 61 isolate identified as Streptomyces ghanaensis like isolate CAHSH-2 showed activity against 62 WSSV. This article gives the information about the antiviral compound against WSSV and 63 the mechanism of viral inhibition. 64 65 66

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“…The production of L. vannamei reached almost 5 lakh tonne in 2017. As expected, the culture of L. vannamei was found to be successful in the beginning but is now facing difficulties because of serious disease problems caused by EHP, IMNV and WSSV (Rajendran et al, ; Sahul Hameed et al, ; Santhoshkumar et al, ). Recently, a new strain of WSSV with a deletion of 13,170 bp at five positions in the genome of WSSV relative to WSSV‐TH was reported after the introduction of L. vannamei into Indian waters (Sivakumar et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Multiple infections caused by white spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in pond‐reared Penaeus vannamei in India and multiplex PCR for their simultaneous detection

Thamizhvanan¹,

Sivakumar²,

Kumar³

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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White leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, were collected on a monthly basis from grow‐out ponds located at Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states along the east coast of India for screening of viral and other pathogens. Totally 240 shrimp samples randomly collected from 92 farms were screened for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The number of shrimp collected from shrimp farms ranged from 6 to 20 based on the body weight of the shrimp. All the shrimp collected from one farm were pooled together for screening for pathogens by PCR assay. Among the samples screened, 28 samples were WSSV‐positive, one positive for IHHNV and 30 samples positive for EHP. Among the positive samples, four samples were found to be positive for both WSSV and EHP, which indicated that the shrimp had multiple infections with WSSV and EHP. This is the first report on the occurrence of multiple infections caused by WSSV and EHP. Multiplex PCR (m‐PCR) protocol was standardized to detect both pathogens simultaneously in single reaction instead of carrying out separate PCR for both pathogens. Using m‐PCR assay, naturally infected shrimp samples collected from field showed two prominent bands of 615 and 510 bp for WSSV and EHP, respectively.

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Studies on the occurrence of infectious myonecrosis virus in pond‐reared Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in India

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

In vitro propagation of tilapia lake virus in cell lines developed from Oreochromis mossambicus

In vitro propagation of tilapia lake virus in cell lines developed from Oreochromis mossambicus

Antiviral viral compound fromStreptomyces ghanaensislike strain against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp

Multiple infections caused by white spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in pond‐reared Penaeus vannamei in India and multiplex PCR for their simultaneous detection

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