Studies on the Mechanisms of Immunity in Human Schistosomiasis

Butterworth, Anthony E.; Taylor, David W.; Veith, Monica C.; Vadas, Mathew A.; Dessein, Alain; Sturrock, R. F.; Wells, Edward

doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb00372.x

Cited by 83 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Groups ofanimals were anesthetized and their abdomens shaved, and then they were individually exposed to 100 or 500 cercariae. Lung recovery of schistosomula was performed at day 5 To determine if antigens recognized by immune sera were protective, parasite proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE gels and slices of gel were cut to correspond to the molecular weights ofdesired antigens. The gel slices were homogenized in PBS and injected subcutaneously.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, resistance to schistosomiasis has been shown to be based on several mechanisms including innate and acquired with both specific and nonspecific components (4). Although the effector constituents of the host responses contributing to protection have been examined thoroughly (5), characterization of the protective parasite antigens is only beginning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Flanigan¹,

King

Lett³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Flanigan¹,

King

Lett³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Motility, together with other microscopic characteristics (e.g. shape alterations and granularity) (Butterworth et al 1982) currently comprise the most common indicators for assessing schistosome viability and represent the 'gold standard' for assessing drug screening protocols and determining RNAi phenotype within the schistosomiasis research community (Abdulla et al 2009, Mansour and Bickle 2010, Štefani et al 2010). However, despite its wide application, bright-field, light microscopic assessment of schistosome viability has several inherent problems.…”

Section: Whole Organism Approaches Used To Quantify Schistosoma Viabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-disciplinary approaches for measuring parasitic helminth viability and phenotype

Peak

Hoffmann

2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Parasitic worms (helminths) within the Phyla Nematoda and Platyhelminthes are responsible for some of the most debilitating and chronic infectious diseases of human and animal populations across the globe. As no subunit vaccine for any parasitic helminth is close to being developed, the frontline strategy for intervention is administration of therapeutic, anthelmintic drugs. Worryingly, and unsurprising due to co-evolutionary mechanisms, many of these worms are developing resistance to the limited compound classes currently being used. This unfortunate reality has led to a renaissance in next generation anthelmintic discovery within both academic and industrial sectors. However, a major bottleneck in this process is the lack of quantitative methods for screening large numbers of small molecules for their effects on the whole organism. Development of methodologies that can objectively and rapidly distinguish helminth viability or phenotype would be an invaluable tool in the anthelmintic discovery pipeline. Towards this end, we describe how several basic techniques currently used to assess single cell eukaryote viability have been successfully applied to parasitic helminths. We additionally demonstrate how some of these methodologies have been adopted for high-throughput use and further modified for assessing worm phenotype. Continued development in this area is aimed at increasing the rate by which novel anthelmintics are identified and subsequently translated into everyday, practical applications.

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“…Tissue-dwelling parasites, such as the schistosomes, are killed by cell-mediated cytotoxicity [31,32], The cells in volved may be eosinophils [33], macrophages [31. 34] or platelets [35,36], and these cells are either guided by anti bodies or activated by T-cell-derived inflammatory media tors.…”

Section: Im M Une M Echan Ism S Against Helm Inthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of Human Helminth Infection

Allen

Maizels²

1996

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

138

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Parasitic helminths cause enormous morbidity among humans especially in developing countries. These large extracellular organisms have complex life cycles frequently involving an arthropod vector. Helminth parasites can be tissue dwelling or intestinal but all induce a dramatic expansion of the Th2 lymphocyte subset. It remains unclear whether these Th2-derived responses, including IgE, eosinophilia and mastocytosis are important in the protective immune response to the parasite, or are responsible for immune-mediated pathology, or both. Interestingly, despite high levels of IgE and other features of Th2 cell activation, allergic responses are rarely observed in infected individuals. Helminths can survive for years in the infected host, and have evolved elaborate immune evasion strategies to establish these long-lived infections including the induction of tolerance to parasite antigens. This review discusses the dynamics of infection with helminth parasites with specific emphasis on Th2 subset activation. The current knowledge of immune effector mechanisms, immunopathology and hopes for vaccine development are also discussed.

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Studies on the Mechanisms of Immunity in Human Schistosomiasis

Cited by 83 publications

References 102 publications

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin.

Cross-disciplinary approaches for measuring parasitic helminth viability and phenotype

Immunology of Human Helminth Infection

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