Studies on the Mechanism of Protein-Induced Hypercalciuria in Older Men and Women

Schuette, Sally A.; Zemel, Michael B.; Linkswiler, Hellen

doi:10.1093/jn/110.2.305

Cited by 164 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although the reason(s) why a high protein diet increases urinary Ca excretion has been investigated in men (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), rats (3, 6-8, 9, 26-28), and sheep (29), it is not yet completely elucidated. Schuette et al suggested that mild metabolic acidosis resulting from the oxidation of excess amino acids would be responsible for a depressed Ca reabsorption by renal tubule cells, leading to hypercalciuria in men (21,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium metabolism in rats.

Funaba

Kawashima

Yano

et al. 1990

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium (Ca) metabolism were evaluated in rats using an ectopic endo chondral bone induction model. A control diet (18% casein) or a high protein diet (18% casein+20% lactalbumin) was given to 50-day-old rats. Ten days after the feeding of the experimental diet, rats were intramuscularly implanted with demineralized bone powder (day 0) . On day 14 and day 21, the implanted bone powder was harvested , and blood and urine samples were also obtained. Urinary Ca excretion was not increased on day 12-14; however, it was elevated on day 19-21 in rats fed the high protein diet compared with rats fed the control diet. The high protein diet remarkably stimulated urinary sulfate excretion in both sampling periods, which reflected dietary sulfur-containing amino acids contents. Also, rats fed the high protein diet exhibited a decrease in serum Ca concentrations. There was little difference in Ca contents and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the implants between control group and high protein diet group on day 14 and day 21. Histological examination in the implanted demineralized bone powder on day 14 indicated only cartilage in rats fed the high protein diet in contrast to the occurrences of osteogenesis and remodeling in those fed the control diet. Retarded bone formation in rats fed the high protein diet might be owing to, in part at least, a restricted amount of Ca utilized at the stage of cartilage calcification. Key Words high protein diet, ectopic bone formation, urinary calcium excretion, rat Since a report by Wachman and Bernstein in 1968 (1) that an increase in protein intake caused hypercalciuria, leading to a body calcium (Ca) loss and an 559

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium metabolism in rats.

Funaba

Kawashima

Yano

et al. 1990

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…As illustrated in Fig. 15B, when acid production is increased by the administration of wheat gluten and lactalbumin (66), egg white (1) or methionine (41), the resulting increases from control in urinary net acid excretion are less than the increases in acid production, as estimated by the increases in urinary SO 4 excretion, the slope of the regression line being significantly Ͻ1. Thus renal compensation, in terms of increased net acid excretion, Fig.…”

Section: Relationship Of Ca Balances To Acid Balances In Healthy Humamentioning

confidence: 97%

Bone buffering of acid and base in humans

Lemann

Bushinsky²,

Hamm³

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

221

197

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The sources and rates of metabolic acid production in relation to renal net acid excretion and thus acid balance in humans have remained controversial. The techniques and possible errors in these measurements are reviewed, as is the relationship of charge balance to acid balance. The results demonstrate that when acid production is experimentally increased among healthy subjects, renal net acid excretion does not increase as much as acid production so that acid balances become positive. These positive imbalances are accompanied by equivalently negative charge balances that are the result of bone buffering of retained H+ and loss of bone Ca2+ into the urine. The data also demonstrate that when acid production is experimentally reduced during the administration of KHCO3, renal net acid excretion does not decrease as much as the decrease in acid production so that acid balances become negative, or, in opposite terms, there are equivalently positive [Formula: see text] balances. Equivalently positive K+ and Ca2+ balances, and thus positive charge balances, accompany these negative acid imbalances. Similarly, positive Na+ balances, and thus positive charge balances, accompany these negative acid balances during the administration of NaHCO3. These charge balances are likely the result of the adsorption of [Formula: see text] onto the crystal surfaces of bone mineral. There do not appear to be significant errors in the measurements.

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“…It was also demonstrated that high protein diets produced an increase in total renal acid, ammonium, and sulfate excretions whereas urinary sodium excretion decreased in human subjects (17)(18)(19). Zemel et al (20) showed that SAA added to the low protein diet also caused urinary calcium to increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many investigators observed that the hypercalciuria caused by the high protein intake was due to the decrease in fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium and to the increase in glomerular filtration rate (8,9,(15)(16)(17). Hegsted and Linkswiler (9) reported that these changes were exhibited long term, i.e., over the 60-day experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calcium and calcium balance in young women affected by high protein diet of soy protein isolate and adding sulfur-containing amino acids and/or potassium.

Kaneko

Masaki

Aikyo

et al. 1990

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effects of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA) and potassium (K) on urinary excretion and retention of calcium (Ca) of 27 young Japanese women were studied. A basal diet low in protein level (50g per day) was fortified by meat or soy protein isolate (SPI) to a protein level of 100g per day, and effects of addition of apple to these high protein diets, and addition of SAA and/or potassium (K) to the high SPI diet, especially on urinary Ca excretion, were studied. The addition of meat which increased protein intake to 100g caused the increase in apparent absorption and urinary excretion of Ca with increased excretion of urinary sulfur (S), phosphate, ammonia, and titratable acids (TA), whereas addition of SPI did not. The addition of apple to high meat diet decreased absorption and urinary excretion of Ca. Urinary Ca, S, K, ammonia, and TA excretion increased by the addition of SAA to high SPI diet in a manner similar to the meat diet. Consequently, SAA-supplemented diet had a significantly negative effect on Ca retention. In SPI+SAA, K diet period, urinary K excretion markedly increased, and increments in urinary Ca, ammonia, and TA excretion were reversed. These changes observed in SPI+SAA, K diet period were similar to those by adding apple to meat diet without any effect on Ca absorption. The results suggest that the hypercalciuria induced by high meat diet is mainly caused by high content of SAA and may be reversed by the ingestion of K-rich foodstuffs, and soy protein does not induce hypercalciuria because of it contains less SAA than animal protein.

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Studies on the Mechanism of Protein-Induced Hypercalciuria in Older Men and Women

Cited by 164 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium metabolism in rats.

Effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium metabolism in rats.

Bone buffering of acid and base in humans

Urinary calcium and calcium balance in young women affected by high protein diet of soy protein isolate and adding sulfur-containing amino acids and/or potassium.

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