A regional survey of 253 forest sites on the southwestern slopes and adjacent highlands of New South Wales recorded a total of 530 animals from fi ve species of nocturnal forest birds and nine species of arboreal marsupials. One additional species, the Squirrel Glider PefaUrUS noffolcensis, was tapped during supplementary searches. Elevation (climate) and b e s t type were the major factors accounting for the distribution of this fauna. Minor environmental gradients included geology, the density of hollow-bearing trees, topography, logging intensity and fire. The patterns of landuse in the reglon contributed to interactions between elevawn, forest type and management history (logging, fire and grazing) which restricted inferences about the habitat requirements of animals.