Studies on the localization and expression of nitric oxide synthase using histochemical techniques

Abstract

This review provides an update on the variety of histochemical techniques available for the cellular localization and expression of nitric oxide synthase in formalin-fixed tissue sections. The techniques of immunohistochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry are discussed and the suitability of various types of probes and reporters which are useful for in situ detection of nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression are assessed. Figures are also included which illustrate the techniques described and protocols for in situ hybridization and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry.

Immune stress activates putative nitric oxide-producing neurons in rat brain: Cumulative effects with restraint

“…Most available evidence supports the view that NADPH-d staining in the brain represents NO synthase when fixation has been used (Dawson et al, 1991;Matsumoto et al, 1993;Norris et al, 1995;Rothe et al, 1998). An analysis of the effects of fixation on NADPH-d staining in rat striatum showed that, whereas staining density of neurons can be affected by fixation conditions, the numbers of neurons stained are not affected (Kuo et al, 1994).…”

Cell adhesion molecule L1 affects the rate of differentiation of enteric neurons in the developing gut

“…The primary antibodies used were: rabbit anti-Phox2b (Pattyn et al, 1999); human anti-Hu (Fairman et al, 1995); sheep anti-NOS (Norris et al, 1995); goat anti-CGRP (Biogenesis); rabbit anti-B-FABP (Kurtz et al, 1994); and rabbit anti-activated caspase-3 (R&D Systems). Secondary antibodies used were: goat anti-rabbit Alexa 488 (Molecular Probes); donkey anti-human Texas red (Jackson Immuno-Research); and donkey anti-sheep fluorescein isothiocyanate (Jackson Immuno-Research).…”

Cellular localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-1) in the human and rat retina

“…NOS-1 turns over constantly in nerve cells and, therefore, the level of this isoform depends on the presence of its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). By using in situ hybridization for mRNA for NOS-1, the synthesis of this isoform has been localized to the cell bodies of specific neurons (Norris et al, 1995).…”