Studies on the Innervation of the Uveal Tract

Castro–Correia, J.

doi:10.1159/000305212

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…1993;FliJgel etal. 1994), it extends our knowledge about choroidal ganglion cells that had been furnished by previous authors using silver-impregnation techniques (Wolter 1960;Castro-Correia 1967), electron microscopy (Feeney and Hogan 1961;Guglielmone and Cantino 1982), and histochemical techniques or immunocytochemistry (Guglielmone and Cantino 1982;Miller et al 1983;Braun et al 1984). The present study also provides comparative data on nitrergic neurons in the ciliary ganglion that have been described thus far in the pigeon (Sun et al 1994) and chicken (Nichol et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons in the choroid and ciliary ganglion of the duck Anis carina

1996

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Immunohistochemistry for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, were applied to investigate neurons in the choroid and the ciliary ganglion of the muscovy duck Anis carina. Up to 1000 neurons in the choroid stained for NADPH diaphorase and showed virtually complete colocalization for nNOS immunoreactivity. Almost all of them co-stained for VIP, while about 90% of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies showed colocalization for nNOS. Two-thirds of the neurons were located, mostly singly, at nodes of a wide-meshed nerve plexus in the suprachoroid and were only rarely grouped in ganglia of up to 3 neurons. Numerous varicose nNOS/NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers were seen around large arterial blood vessels. These fibers derived mainly from paravascular cell bodies that represented about one-third of all choroidal neurons and also displayed costaining for nitrergic markers and VIP. Colocalization of nNOS/NADPH-d and VIP could be demonstrated in most of the perivascular fibers, while slightly more VIP-positive axons in the suprachoroid plexus did not costain for nNOS/NADPH-d. Small-caliber blood vessels and those localized in the choriocapillaris were not endowed with VIP/nNOS/NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers. A few reactive neuronal cell bodies were also found in ciliary nerves, while most ciliary axons were unstained. In the ciliary ganglion a small subpopulation of neurons showed VIP/nNOS/NADPH-diaphorase colocalization. There were also nNOS/NADPH-d-positive cap-like terminals on ciliary ganglion cells. The presence of VIP/nNOS/NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons and nerve fibers in both the choroid and ciliary ganglion, and in the choroidal perivascular plexus, indicates peripheral nitrergic and VIPergic control of blood flow in the choroid of the duck.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons in the choroid and ciliary ganglion of the duck Anis carina

1996

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“…Intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN) have been described in several species, including man, over the last 150 years (Müller 1859;Kurus 1955;Castro-Correia 1967). However, they have only recently become amenable to closer scrutiny by virtue of their nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)/ NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reactivity (Bergua et al 1993;Flügel et al 1994;Cuthbertson et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye receive sympathetic input: anatomical evidence for adrenergic modulation of nitrergic functions in the choroid

Schrödl

Tines²,

Brehmer³

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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Intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN) in the duck eye form an intramural ganglionic plexus that may subserve complex integrative functions. A key feature of such ganglia is an innervation by sympathetic postganglionic neurons. The present study was thus aimed at determining the sympathetic postganglionic innervation of ICN. Choroids were processed for double immunofluorescence labelling with the following markers: tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH)/nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), TH/galanin (GAL), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), TH/DBH and DBH/alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alphaSMA), and for triple immunofluorescence labelling with VIP/DBH/TH. Epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for evaluation. Immunoperoxidase staining for TH or DBH in combination with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry was applied for electron microscopy. ICN spread over the entire choroid but were concentrated in an equatorial zone passing obliquely from naso-cranial to temporocaudal. More than 80% of nNOS-positive ICN showed close appositions of TH/DBH-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibres at the light-microscopic level, as could be confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Ultrastructurally, these appositions could be defined as both synapses or close contacts without synaptic specialisation. Vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle fibres also received TH/DBH-immunopositive innervation. Our findings suggest that most ICN receive a sympathetic input that might modulate their nitrergic effects upon vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle fibres in the choroid and that they may have more complex functions than merely being a simple parasympathetic relay.

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“…These kinds of pain could not be caused by direct coagulation to the iris becasue (1) severe direct and referred pains were elicited even in a case of traumatic aniridia, (2) no coagulation burns were found in the pupillary border by slit lamp examination, and (3) the pain was felt even through the slit lamp delivery system of the coagulation beam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of intra- and extraocular pain induced by argon laser photocoagulation.

Tamai

Mizuno

1984

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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We examined the characteristics of ocular pain induced by green argon laser photocoagulation in 13 eyes of ten patients. The patients had retinal detachment or proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated surgically by a 360 degree buckling procedure or vitrectomy with an encircling band on the equator before the laser treatment. All patients complained of ocular pain in various degrees during coagulation on and anterior to the buckle. We confirmed that this kind of ocular pain was asymmetrically distributed ; it was dense in the superotemporal quadrant, sparse in the inferonasal quadrant, and intermediate in the remaining two. Seven patients (eight eyes) complained not only of ocular pain, but also of extraocular pain in the ipsilateral upper lid, forehead, and parietal and temporal areas of the head. Both kinds of pain diminished by retrobulbar anesthesia, or by the time interval following surgery. ocular pain ; argon laser photocoagulation ; referred pain ; ocular surgery ; scleral buckling procedure Photocoagulation, utilizing either xenon arc, argon, or other laser energy, is a new modality of insult to the eye that has been applied to the treatment of various ocular diseases. Patients periodically experience ocular pain during this procedure. Such pain is evident when the peripheral retina and choroid are coagulated, for example, in panretinal photocoagulation for patients with diabetic retinopathy. Ocular pain induced by photocoagulation was reported around the 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'lock areas of the retina (L'Esperance 1975).In the present study, we examined ocular pain elicited by argon laser photocoagulation therapeutically delivered to eyes treated with equatorially placed encircling bands for rhegmatogenous detachment and for those that underwent vitrectomy and encircling procedures for proliferative diabetic retinopathy or trauma. Patients complained of severe pain in and around the eyeball following coagulation. Ocular pain was much more severe in the superotemporal quadrant than in the other three quadrants. There were also complaints of

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Studies on the Innervation of the Uveal Tract

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons in the choroid and ciliary ganglion of the duck Anis carina

Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons in the choroid and ciliary ganglion of the duck Anis carina

Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the duck eye receive sympathetic input: anatomical evidence for adrenergic modulation of nitrergic functions in the choroid

Distribution of intra- and extraocular pain induced by argon laser photocoagulation.

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