Studies on the Immune Defence of Chickens against Argas persicus (Oken) 1818 and Cattle against Boophilus annulatus Say, 1821 (Acari: Ixodoidea)

Abstract

Studies were conducted into the development of anti-tick vaccines against two tick species, namely Boophilus annulatus Say, 1821 and Argas persicus (Oken) 1818, which, respectively, are responsible for high economic losses in the cattle and chicken industries in Egypt. Repeated infestation of spring chicken with Argas persicus females stimulated 35.9 % resistance to tick feeding compared to 20.4 % in controls. This resistance was associated with the presence of antibody activity to tick salivary gland antigens. There was increase of both the chicken serum total protein and the number of protein bands separated by SDS-PAGE, which suggested an increase in immunoglobulins. Chicken resistance to tick feeding was also induced by repeated injection (vaccination) with crude Argas persicus salivary gland antigens, with intramascular injection being more efficient at inducing immunity than subcutaneous injection.Prolonged infestation with Boophilus annulatus ticks induced immunity in cattle. Salivary gland and gut crude extracts of cattle exposed to the ticks contained antigenic proteins, with dominant 66 and 150 KDa glycoproteins. Antibodies against the two extracts or PAGE-separated antigens were detected in cattle that resisted tick feeding. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was also detected. The immune response was strong in non-infested Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos taunts Linneaeus, 1766 crossbreeds with low infestation, and weak in heavily infested Bos taurus.Resume-Des etudes ont ete menees pour la mise au point de vaccins anti-tiques contre deux especes de tiques, Boophilus annulatus Say, 1821 et Argas persicus (Oken) 1818, qui sont responsables respectivement de pertes economiques importantes dans la production de bovins et de poulets en Egypte. Des infestations repetees de poussins avec des femelles d'Argas persicus stimulent la resistance aux repas des tiques (35,9%) compart aux temoins (20,4%). Cette resistance est associee a la presence d'anticorps contre les antigenes des glandes salivaires de tiques. On observe a la fois une augmentation des proteines totales du serum des poussins et du nombre de bandes proteiniques separees par SDS-PAGE, ce qui suggerent une augmentation des immunoglobulines. La resistance des poussins aux repas des tiques est egalement induite par des injections repetees (vaccination) d'extraits bruts d'antigenes de glandes salivaires d'Argas persicus. Les injections intramusculaires induisent plus efficacement l'immunite que les injections souscutanees.Des infestations prolonge'es avec des tiques de l'espece Boophilus annulatus induisent une immunity du betail. Les extraits bruts de glande salivaire et d'estomac de bovins exposes aux tiques contiennent

Entomopathogenic Fungus as A Biocontrol Agent Against The Cattle Tick Boophilus annulatus (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae)

“…al. 2001, and EL Kammah and Abdel Wahab, 2003. Entomopathogenic fungi are used for tick biocontrol in different African countries, (Mwangi et.…”