Studies on the gill of
            <i>Mytilus edulis</i>
            : the eu-latero-frontal cirri

Owen, G.

doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0062

Cited by 70 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…For example, the conclusions of Silverman et al (2000) concerning the ctenidia of M. edulis are that (1) the laterofrontal cirrus interacts in some way with the particle and directs it onto the frontal surface, and (2) the particle is then transported toward the ventral groove. Almost identical conclusions were reached over 100 years ago by Alder and Hancock in 1851, (cited by Moore 1971), and are no different than those published by Atkins (1938), Tammes and Dral (1955), and Owen (1974).…”

Section: In Vitro Vs In Vivo Observationssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This deceptively easy question has not proven easy to answer mainly because of the difficulties associated with observing capture processes on the ctendial surface of animals enclosed in opaque shells. A variety of hypotheses have been advanced including particle capture by a mucus sheet covering the ctenidia (MacGinitie 1941), physical entrainment by ''sticky'' laterofrontal cilia or cirri that border the filaments of the ctenidia (so called ''lime twig '' model, Wallengren 1905;Tammes and Dral 1955), mechanical sieving of particles from suspension by these same cilia or cirri (Moore 1971;Owen and McCrae 1976;Silverman et al 1996), and entrainment of particles by hydrodynamic mechanisms (Jørgensen 1981;1990). Most of these hypotheses were based on data obtained from surgically altered animals or isolated tissue preparations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The utility of in vivo observations for describing particle capture processes in suspension‐feeding bivalve molluscs

Ward

Sanford

Newell

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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Section: In Vitro Vs In Vivo Observationssupporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of in vivo observations for describing particle capture processes in suspension‐feeding bivalve molluscs

Ward

Sanford

Newell

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Silverman et al 1999), or by the water currents they generate as they beat against the current through an angle of 90°. Particles > 4 µm are stopped and transferred to the frontal side, whereas smaller particles either follow the flow around the cirri or they are stopped by the cirri's branching cilia (Dral 1967, Moore 1971, Owen 1974, Jørgensen 1975b, 1996, Owen & McCrae 1976, Silvester & Sleigh 1984, Riisgård 1988, Beninger et al 1992, Nielsen et al 1993, Riisgård et al 1996, Silverman et al 1999. Although a mechanism based on a low particle-approach angle and direct interception at gill filaments has been proposed (Ward 1996, Ward et al 1998, this does not appear consistent with the principles of fluid dyamics (Beninger 2000, Silverman et al 2000.…”

Section: Cirri Trappingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

Riisgård¹,

Larsen²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

205

179

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A large number of suspension-feeding aquatic animals (e.g. bivalves, polychaetes, ascidians, bryozoans, crustaceans, sponges, echinoderms, cnidarians) have specialized in grazing on not only the 2 to 200 µm phytoplankton but frequently also the 0.5 to 2 µm free-living bacteria, or they have specialized in capturing larger prey, e.g. zooplankton organisms. We review the different particle capture mechanisms in order to illustrate the many solutions to the common problem of obtaining nourishment from a dilute suspension of microscopic food particles. Despite the many differences in morphology and living conditions, particle capture mechanisms may be divided into 2 main types. (1) Filtering or sieving (e.g. through mucus nets, stiff cilia, filter setae), which is found in passive suspension feeders that rely on external currents to bring suspended particles to the filter, and in active suspension feeders that themselves produce a feeding flow by a variety of pump systems. Here the inventiveness of nature does not lie in the capture mechanism but in the type of pump system and filter pore-size. (2) A paddle-like flow manipulating system (e.g. cilia, cirri, tentacles, hair-bearing appendages) that acts to redirect an approaching suspended particle, often along with a surrounding 'fluid parcel', to a strategic location for arrest or further transport. Examples include (1) sieving (e.g. by microvilli in sponge choanocytes, mucus nets in polychaetes, acidians, and salps among others), filter setae in crustaceans, 'ciliary sieving' by stiff laterofrontal cilia in bryozoans and phoronids; and (2) 'cirri trapping' in mussels and other bivalves with eu-laterofrontal cirri, ciliary 'catch-up' in bivalve and gastropod veliger larvae, some polychaetes, entroprocts, and cycliophores. These capture mechanisms may involve contact with a particle, and possibly mechanoreception or chemoreception, or may include redirection of particles by the interaction of multiple currents (e.g. in scallops and other bivalves without eu-laterofrontal cirri). Based on the review, we discuss the current physical and biological understanding of the capture process and suggest a number of specific problems related to particle capture, which may be solved in the future using advanced theoretical, computational and experimental techniques.

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“…These species possess feeding structures that represent the major types of lamellibranch ctenidia, including the filibranchiate and pseudolamellibranchiate conditions. They also possess laterofrontal cilia of three different types (Table l), including "large" laterofrontal cirri composed of 22-26 pairs of cilia each (20-30 µm in length), "small" laterofrontal cirri composed of 6-11 pairs of cilia each (14-25 µm in length), and "simple" cilia (10-17 µm in length) (Atkins 1938;Owen and McCrae 1976;Ribelin and Collier 1977;Owen 1978).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new explanation of particle capture in suspension- feeding bivalve molluscs

et al. 1998

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Using video endoscopy, we examined water flow through the infrabranchial cavity and observed particle capture by the ctenidia (gills) of several species of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs. We found that previously published interpretations of the particle capture process did not adequately explain our in vivo observations. Instead, we propose that particle capture in bivalves can be explained in terms of hydrosol filtration theories that have been shown to apply to a wide diversity of aquatic suspension feeders. Particles are captured by direct interception with the ctenidial filament and then transported along the frontal surface of the filament by mucociliary processes. Two primary mechanisms aid in capture. First, the low angle at which particles approach the filaments increases the probability of encounter with frontal cilia. Second, vortical flow patterns set up by the beating of the laterofrontal cilia or cirri reduce or block flow through the interfilamentary spaces and redirect it toward the frontal surface of a filament. This flow pattern further increases encounter efficiency with the frontal cilia and promotes particle retention on the frontal surface. Our studies indicate that the suspension-feeding complex as a whole (incurrent siphon/margin, ctenidia, and mantle) functions in a highly integrated manner and is critical for particle capture. This observation calls into question previous explanations developed from examination of surgically altered bivalves.

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Studies on the gill of Mytilus edulis : the eu-latero-frontal cirri

Cited by 70 publications

References 1 publication

The utility of in vivo observations for describing particle capture processes in suspension‐feeding bivalve molluscs

The utility of in vivo observations for describing particle capture processes in suspension‐feeding bivalve molluscs

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

A new explanation of particle capture in suspension- feeding bivalve molluscs

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