Studies on the Frost Damage in the Tea Garden (Part 2)

Lyophilization: a useful approach to the automation of analytical processes?

“…Metal traces and subtraces have so far been the most frequently determined inorganic compounds in biological samples, both in solid [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] and in liquid [67][68][69] materials by radiochemical [55-57, 64-67], X-ray [61, 62,69, 70] and atomic absorption spectrometric techniques [68].…”

“…The recovery of 2aPb approached 100% on using high-pressure digestion. On the other hand, Nakaguchi et al found that different drying procedures (freeze-drying included) caused errors on the determination of Se by fluorescence spectrometry and of Mo, Cr, Co, Mn and Cu by atomic absorption spectrometry; thus, they designed a new drying apparatus which included a device for trapping evaporated substances [58]. Uchino et al evaluated the stability of some elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Hg, Pb, As and Se) during lyophilization of rat liver us.ing atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion of the sample matrix.…”

“…Contributions supporting the behaviour ofCa, Mg, and P in intracellular and extracellular electrolytes [61]; Na, K and C1 in intracellular electrolytes [62] and in biological soft tissues [63]; the P/K ratio in nuclei of bullfrog myocard cells [64]; Cd and Pb in seafood [65]; Zn, Co, Mn, Ru and Ce [66], Fe, Co, Cs, Se and Sr [57,58] in various biological samples subjected to lyophilization have also been reported.…”

“…Nakaguchi et al designed a new drying apparatus equipped with a device for trapping evaporated substances which was used for pretreatment of biological samples prior to the determination of trace elements [58]. Some other auxiliary devices for lyophilizers have been designed for different purposes.…”