Studies on the Formation of Crystalline Bacterial Biofilms on Urethral Catheters

Stickler, D.J.; Morris, Nicola; Moreno, M.-C.; Sabbuba, N.

doi:10.1007/s100960050150

Cited by 100 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…In the case of urinary catheters and stents, crystalline biofilms are often formed as a consequence of increased urine pH and the precipitation of phosphate salts caused by urease-secreting bacteria [8]. Various studies have used genuine human urine for bacterial cultivation, leading to the problem of batch-to-batch variation.…”

Section: How Close To Reality Can a Biofilm Model Be?mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Biofilm Models for Device-Related Infections

Buhmann

Stiefel

Maniura‐Weber

et al. 2016

Trends in Biotechnology

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Section: How Close To Reality Can a Biofilm Model Be?mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Biofilm Models for Device-Related Infections

Buhmann

Stiefel

Maniura‐Weber

et al. 2016

Trends in Biotechnology

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“…Urease production by these organisms enables them to break down the urea in urine [25] [26] and release ammonia, which raises the urine pH resulting in calcium and magnesium phosphate crystal formation within the biofilm matrix [27]. The crystal formation is medically significant because of the blockage of catheters due to crystallization and encrustation, which can lead to bladder distension, pyelonephritis when urine from the distended bladder reluxes into the kidney.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Catheter-associated Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

Tiwari¹,

Ghnawate²

2017

OJMM

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Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.

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“…In addition, catheter encrustation is not an outcome of infection with non-urease-producing pathogens known to express the nirBD system (such as E. coli), and ureasedefective mutants of P. mirabilis fail to form crystalline biofilms in laboratory models, providing a further argument against an overt and integral role of ammonia produced via nitrate metabolism in crystal formation (8,15,16,46). Alternatively, nirB disruption may lead to a more general impact on the growth and survival of cells within the bladder model system, and in other closely related species, nitrite reduction by nirBD is considered to be important for the detoxification of cellular nitrite generated during anaerobic growth (44,47).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hallmark of P. mirabilis CAUTI is the encrustation and blockage of urethral catheters, which stem from the formation of unusual crystalline biofilm structures on catheter surfaces (14)(15)(16)(17). The potent urease enzyme produced by P. mirabilis generates ammonia through the hydrolysis of urea present in the urine, leading to an elevation of urinary pH (8,18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Genetic Basis of Crystalline Biofilm Formation in Proteus mirabilis

et al. 2014

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b; Queen Victoria NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, United Kingdom c Proteus mirabilis forms extensive crystalline biofilms on urethral catheters that occlude urine flow and frequently complicate the management of long-term-catheterized patients. Here, using random transposon mutagenesis in conjunction with in vitro models of the catheterized urinary tract, we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the formation of crystalline biofilms by P. mirabilis. Mutants identified as defective in blockage of urethral catheters had disruptions in genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and efflux systems but were unaffected in general growth, survival in bladder model systems, or the ability to elevate urinary pH. Imaging of biofilms directly on catheter surfaces, along with quantification of levels of encrustation and biomass, confirmed that the mutants were attenuated specifically in the ability to form crystalline biofilms compared with that of the wild type. However, the biofilm-deficient phenotype of these mutants was not due to deficiencies in attachment to catheter biomaterials, and defects in later stages of biofilm development were indicated. For one blocking-deficient mutant, the disrupted gene (encoding a putative multidrug efflux pump) was also found to be associated with susceptibility to fosfomycin, and loss of this system or general inhibition of efflux pumps increased sensitivity to this antibiotic. Furthermore, homologues of this system were found to be widely distributed among other common pathogens of the catheterized urinary tract. Overall, our findings provide fundamental new insight into crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, including the link between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in this organism, and indicate a potential role for efflux pump inhibitors in the treatment or prevention of P. mirabilis crystalline biofilms.

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Studies on the Formation of Crystalline Bacterial Biofilms on Urethral Catheters

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

In Vitro Biofilm Models for Device-Related Infections

In Vitro Biofilm Models for Device-Related Infections

Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

Elucidating the Genetic Basis of Crystalline Biofilm Formation in Proteus mirabilis

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