Studies on the European hare. 45. Dental and cranial anomalies in Austrian and Polish brown hare Lepus europaeus populations

Suchentrunk, Franz; Markowski, Janusz; Janiszewski, Tomasz; Hartl, Günther B.

doi:10.4098/at.arch.92-23

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…New Zealand hares show increased levels of ovarial tumors and cysts as well as an increased frequency of missing posterior upper molars as compared to brown hares from Britain and other European regions (Flux 1965, Parkes 1988, see also Suchentrunk et al 1992). This suggests some inbreeding depression in hares from New Zealand due to dominance of recessive deleterious alleles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Canals

Rosenmann²,

Novoa³

et al. 1998

Acta Theriol.

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The effect of genetic variability as indicated by allozyme heterozygosity on developmental homeostasis as expressed by fluctuating morphological asymmetry (FA) is under current debate. Recent studies of brown hares Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 in Austria (Hartl et al. 1995) revealed a negative relationship between FA and allozyme heterozygosity in non-metric but not in metric skull characters. We aimed to find out whether non-metric traits of brown hares are generally more prone to FA than metric, or whether metric traits also show increased FA in populations with drastically reduced genetic variability. We studied variation in 34 enzyme systems and the relationship between overall individual heterozygosity based on polymorphic loci and FA in 27 non-metric and six metric bilateral skull characters of 96 brown hares from three populations in Britain and two in New Zealand. All brown hares in New Zealand are considered to be descendents of only six founding individuals from Britain and were expected to have considerably reduced gene pool variability. Only six polymorphic loci were found. Allozyme heterozygosity in the New Zealand populations was not significantly lower than in British populations. However, both the New Zealand and the British populations had significantly lower genetic variability than the Austrian populations studied earlier. This suggested a (historic) genetic bottleneck in British brown hares having preceeded the one in hares in New Zealand. It corresponds to the hypothesis of the deliberate introduction of brown hares to Britain by the ancient Romans. Neither at the individual nor at the population level was there any significant relationship between FA and allozyme heterozygosity. Despite the significantly reduced genetic variability in hares from New Zealand and Britain, their population--specific levels of non-metric and metric FA were significantly lower than in hares from Austria. This might result eg, from genetic drift following the founding event in Britain, or from stronger selection against hares with low developmental homeostasis in Britain and New Zealand than in Austria, due to environmental differences. The study demonstrates that in brown hares reduced genetic variability is not necessarily connected with low levels of developmental homeostasis as the earlier study of Austrian populations might have suggested. Rather, the particular phylogeny of populations has to be taken into account, when interpreting relationships between developmental homeostasis and genetic variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Canals

Rosenmann²,

Novoa³

et al. 1998

Acta Theriol.

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“…Tooth rotation was also seen in the I 2 and I 3 , however in these teeth the rotation also involved displacement with the teeth angled inward towards the lingual papilla. Rotation of teeth can also be derived from genetic changes, as found in the hare (Suchentrunk et al, 1992).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of Australia's most highly specialised folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs. For this it is dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to characterise and describe the level of oral health and disease in koalas and then create tools for ongoing analysis.The historical records over a 17-year period were noted for the koalas admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital in South East Queensland. Further, in this study the conclusions were that oral health issues when they existed were only being identified as "low key" due to the lack of investigative tools being used during examinations. This provided the reasoning and impetus behind developing tools to determine the true extent of oral health conditions in the koala. A suitable assessment tool for diagnosing the oral health was designed based on the index scoring methodology and the layout of the Moggill Koala Hospital admission chart, a new oral health chart template was developed. The chart was based on examination of 30 "free-range koalas" and validation and quality assurance analysis of four examiners of varying qualifications. The chart was separated into three sections; containing general animal information such as sex, age, and current systemic health; the General Oral Cavity section and containing information on 12 koala-specific health questions and finally a section on the periodontal health. The charting data is multifunctional with analysis of individual koalas, (sex, group or age). The data from each section provided an index value that was compatible with values from other species clinical charting systems.Using the chart, populations of 200 "free-range" and 95 captive koalas (from three zoos) were examined. Three major indexes were developed during the chart development process and used the following equation; General Oral Cavity (GOCI) + Oral Health Index (OHI) = Final Oral Health Index (FOHI). Initially, the three major index values plus all additional information of each chart were analysed to show the current baseline values of oral health conditions in the koala. Any ii comparison based on singular or multiple animals would either show a decline, same rate or increase from the baseline. These baseline parameters could be compared against any other species that uses the same 0-3 index system.The proportion of koalas from the whole population with an orally related problem was 86%.The average FOHI for the koala as a species was 3.78 ± 3.19, median 3.00. This is the mild category and held 84.5% of all cases. The maximum scores for the groups showed Zoo 3 as having lower range (Zoo 1; 11.42 for a TWC 1 male, Zoo 2; 13.40, Zoo 3; 4.13 and "free-range"; 15.98). The third zoo was the only group to have also had significantly better oral health than "free-range" koalas.Captive koalas showed high scoring at young age (11.42), the "free-range" comparable age score was 3.84. At population level when controlli...

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“…Several findings o f extra teeth phenomena have been recorded in rodents. Normally, these records refer to supernumerary molars (eg Johnson 1952, Sheppe 1964.There are many records o f tooth anomalies in mammals, eg Marsupialia (Archer 1975(Archer , M iller 1977, Lagom orpha (Suchentrunk et al 1992); Rodentia (B arasa et al. 1992), and Carnivora (Hancox 1988, Kompanje andDe Vries 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There are many records o f tooth anomalies in mammals, eg Marsupialia (Archer 1975(Archer , M iller 1977, Lagom orpha (Suchentrunk et al 1992); Rodentia (B arasa et al. 1992), and Carnivora (Hancox 1988, Kompanje andDe Vries 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many records o f tooth anomalies in mammals, eg Marsupialia (Archer 1975(Archer , M iller 1977, Lagom orpha (Suchentrunk et al 1992); Rodentia (B arasa et al 1992), and Carnivora (Hancox 1988, Kompanje andDe Vries 1992). In general, nearly all the mammal dental anomalies (including supernumerary dentition) may depend on genetic, nutritional, physiological, inflammatory or proximate extrinsic factors (cf Colyer 1936, Archer 1975.…”

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Extra teeth and dental anomalies in the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata, from Sicily

Angelici¹,

Luiselli²

1999

Acta Theriol.

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L. 1999. Extra teeth and dental anomalies in the crested porcupine H ystrix cristata, from Sicily. Acta Theriologica 44: 2 1 9 -2 2 3 . W e examined 181 skulls of crested porcupine H ystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758 from Sicily, mainland Italy, and from several African countries. Two skulls, both from Sicily, had anom alous dentition. One skull exhibited a case of supernum erary dentition, whereas the other one showed a dental malformation with numerary teeth reduction. T h e type o f anom aly was determ ined in each skull exam ined and som e hyp otheses for explaining these anomalies were presented. The occurrence o f extra teeth has been reported for nearly all orders o f mammals (cf Wolsan 1984). W olsan 's (1983, 1984) hypotheses to explain super numerary dentition are: (i) an effect o f additional creation and developm ent o f tooth germ due to influences o f genes which are still present in the sp ecies' gene pool but occurred much more frequently in the gene pools o f the ancestral species, and (ii) an effect o f supernumerary tooth germ development that originated as a result o f com plete splitting o f a tooth germ, inherited or due to a m utation or disturbance or change in the genetic control o f tooth development. Several findings o f extra teeth phenomena have been recorded in rodents. Normally, these records refer to supernumerary molars (eg Johnson 1952, Sheppe 1964.There are many records o f tooth anomalies in mammals, eg Marsupialia (Archer 1975(Archer , M iller 1977, Lagom orpha (Suchentrunk et al. 1992); Rodentia (B arasa et al. 1992), and Carnivora (Hancox 1988, Kompanje andDe Vries 1992). In general, nearly all the mammal dental anomalies (including supernumerary dentition) may depend on genetic, nutritional, physiological, inflammatory or proximate extrinsic factors (cf Colyer 1936, Archer 1975.In this paper we report, for the first time, a case o f supernumerary dentition, and a case o f numerary reduction and dental malformation in free-ranging crested porcupines Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758 from Sicily (M editerranean Sea, Italy). In Europe this species occurs exclusively in mainland Italy and Sicily (cf Angelici 1991, Amori and Angelici 1992), whereas in Africa it is distributed from Mediterranean We examined a total o f 181 skulls o f Hystrix cristata: 19 skulls from Sicily (12 skulls o f adults, 7 o f sub-adults), 60 from mainland Italy (41 adults and 19 sub-adults), and 102 from Africa (79 adults and 23 sub-adults), housed in the museums o f Calci, Cesena, Firenze, Frankfurt, Geneva, London, Madrid, Nazzano, New York, Ostellato, Palermo, Paris, Pisa, Roma, Terrasini, Trieste, Udine, Venezia, Washington, Wien, and in several private collections. The relatively low number o f examined specimens is due to the scarcity o f H. cristata in skull collections o f natural history museums. Moreover, skulls are often in bad condition, with lacking parts and without indication o f the exact locality of origin.Our analysis revealed two skulls from Sicily that had anomalous dentition, whereas...

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Studies on the European hare. 45. Dental and cranial anomalies in Austrian and Polish brown hare Lepus europaeus populations

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Extra teeth and dental anomalies in the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata, from Sicily

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