Studies on the Epidemiology of Marek's Disease Herpesvirus in Broiler Flocks

Witter, R. L.; Moulthrop, James I.; Burgoyne, G. H.; Connell, H. C.

doi:10.2307/1588470

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, once MDV makes its way into a barn, the disease may go undetected because the vaccine masks the disease. The MDV is transmitted indirectly through the inhalation of viral particles, which are shed by infected birds (Witter, Moulthrop, Burgoyne, & Connell, 1970). MDV has been found in depopulated barns (Jurajda & Klimes, 1970), and it has been shown to cause infection weeks after being shed (Carrozza, Fredrickson, Prince, & Luginbuhl, 1973; Jurajda & Klimes, 1970; Witter, Burgoyne, & Burmester, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The industrialization of farming may be driving virulence evolution

Rozins

Day

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Farming practices have changed dramatically over the years. The industrialization of farming has provided parasites with an abundance of hosts and is thought to have influenced parasite evolution. For example, the parasite that causes the highly contagious poultry disease, Marek's disease, has evolved over the past 60 years into a highly virulent pathogen. It is assumed that the industrialization of the industry and vaccination have selected for more virulent strains of the virus. Here, with the use of an impulsive differential equation model, we investigate how modern broiler farm practices could independently lead to virulence evolution. Our model suggests that longer cohort durations and more densely stocked barns both select for less virulent strains of the virus. Our model also suggests that if intensive cleaning between cohorts does not rid the barn of disease, it may drive evolution and cause the disease to become more virulent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The industrialization of farming may be driving virulence evolution

Rozins

Day

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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“…The present study was designed to investigate natural infection of commercial turkey flocks with HVT, focusing on the origin of infection, its spread and persistence within the flock, and and its pathogenicity. The design was patterned after a previous epidemiological study on MD in commercial broiler chickens (13) so that comparisons between the two virus infections in their respective hosts might be facilitated. Data from this study indicate that HVT shares many epidemiological characteristics with virulent MDV, thus providing further evidence of the close relationship between these viruses despite their obviously different oncogenic potentials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of a Herpesvirus of Turkeys: Possible Sources and Spread of Infection in Turkey Flocks

Witter

Solomon

1971

Infect Immun

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Parameters of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) infection were followed sequentially from hatching through 20 weeks in two commercial turkey flocks. Maternal antibody was uniformly present at hatching but decreased below detectable levels by the 3rd week. Virus was first isolated at the 5th and 6th weeks and thereafter spread rapidly within the flocks. Development of active antibody followed that of viremia by 1 week. Both virus and antibody were present in virtually all turkeys after the 7th or 10th week; however, the incidence of tumors was negligible. Dust and litter from infected flocks were negative for HVT by poult bioassay, but the infection was easily transmitted by exposure of poults to dirty isolation cages or air from HVT-infected turkeys. Attempts to demonstrate congenital transmission of HVT by direct virus isolation from embryos of infected breeders or by isolation rearing procedures were unsuccessful.

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“…In four flocks studied by Witter et al (1970a), chick infection occurred as early as 9 days of age. The virus spread progressively, infecting virtually all birds by 8 weeks.…”

Section: B Development Of Flock Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Herpesviruses

1982

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Studies on the Epidemiology of Marek's Disease Herpesvirus in Broiler Flocks

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

The industrialization of farming may be driving virulence evolution

The industrialization of farming may be driving virulence evolution

Epidemiology of a Herpesvirus of Turkeys: Possible Sources and Spread of Infection in Turkey Flocks

The Herpesviruses

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