Studies on the epidemiology of bluetongue virus in China

Kirkland, Peter D.; Zhang, N.; Hawkes, R. A.; Li, Z.; Zhang, F.; Davis, R J; Sanders, D.A.R.; Li, H.; Zhang, K.; Ben, Jemaa Mounir; He, Guozhong; Hornitzky, C. L.; Hunt, Neville

doi:10.1017/s0950268801006525

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Later, this serotype was isolated from clinically affected sheep in Brazil (Clavijo et al., ). In Asia, the virus has been isolated from Japan (Miura et al., ), China (Bonneau et al., ; Kirkland et al., ), Taiwan (Lee et al., ), Indonesia (Sendow et al., ) and recently from Israel (Golender et al., ). As far as India is concerned, anti‐BTV‐12 antibodies have been reported in sheep and cattle (Prasad et al., ), but this is the first report of isolation of BTV‐12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India

Rao

Reddy

Hegde

2013

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes disease mainly in sheep, but can be transmitted via other domestic and wild ruminants, resulting in pecuniary burden and trade restrictions. Segmented genome with the possibility of reassortment, existence of 26 serotypes, geographical restriction in the distribution of many of the serotypes, use of live attenuated vaccines and the lack of complete sequences of viruses isolated from several parts of the globe have complicated our understanding of the origin, movement and distribution of BTV. Recent efforts in genome sequencing of several strains have helped in better comprehending BTV epidemiology. In an effort to contribute to the genetic epidemiology of BTV in India, we report the isolation and complete genome sequencing of a BTV serotype 12 virus (designated NMO1). This is the first BTV-12 isolated from India and the second BTV-12 to be sequenced worldwide. The analysis of sequences of this virus suggests that NMO1 derived its segments from viruses belonging to western topotype viruses, as well as those from South-East Asia and India. The results have implications for understanding the origin, emergence/re-emergence and movement of BTV as well as for the development of vaccines and diagnostics based on robust epidemiological data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India

Rao

Reddy

Hegde

2013

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The genome of BTV consists of 10 linear double-stranded RNA segments encoding the seven structural proteins (VP1 to VP7) and four nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3/NS3a, and NS4) (2, 3). To date, twenty-six BTV serotypes (4, 5) have been described worldwide, and seven BTV serotypes (BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-3, BTV-4, BTV-12, BTV-15, and BTV-16) have been isolated in China (6–9). BTV-1 and BTV-16 are the two most prevalent serotypes in China, and each serotype causes a disease with obvious clinical signs in infected sheep.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 (BTV-1) Strain Y863, the First BTV-1 Isolate of Eastern Origin Found in China

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2013

Genome Announc

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The full-genome sequence of the bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) strain Y863, the first BTV-1 isolate of Eastern origin found in China, was determined. The virus was isolated from sheep during a severe outbreak of bluetongue in Shizhong County, Yunnan Province, southwest China, in 1979. The total size of the BTV-1 strain Y863 genome is 19,170 bp. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that it belongs to the major “Eastern” BTV topotype. The sequence information provided here will help in understanding the geographical origin and spread of this Chinese isolate of BTV-1, as well as aid in its comparison with global isolates of BTV-1 from sheep, cattle, and other host species origins.

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“…The global distribution of the BTV endemic areas has traditionally been accepted to be between the latitudes of approximately 50°N and 35°S (17,54,61,80). There is now enough scientific evidence to show that it has spread further north, to 53°N (58,117).…”

Section: Emergency Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory issues surrounding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination in emergency situations: the example of bluetongue in Europe

Saegerman¹,

Hubaux²,

Urbain³

et al. 2007

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryA marketing authorisation for a veterinary vaccine is granted after the quality, safety and efficacy of the product have been assessed in accordance with legal standards. The assessment includes complete characterisation and identification of seed material and ingredients, laboratory and host animal safety and efficacy studies, stability studies, and post-licensing monitoring of field performance. This assessment may not be possible during the emergence of a new animal disease, but several mechanisms exist to allow for the availability of products in an emergency animal health situation, e.g. autogenous biologics, conditional licences, experimental and emergency use authorisations, the importation of products in use elsewhere in the world and pre-approved vaccine banks. Using the emergence of bluetongue in northern Europe as an example, the regulatory issues regarding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination are described. Several conditions must be fulfilled before a temporary authorisation can be granted, e.g. inactivated vaccines should be used in order to exclude reversion to virulence and reassortment between vaccine viruses and/or field strains of the bluetongue virus; decision-making must be supported by scientific evidence and risk analysis; there must be a complete census of the susceptible animals that were vaccinated; vaccination protocols must be adhered to and there must be a scheme allowing for registration, delivery and follow-up of vaccination, and monitoring, analysis and, possibly, adjustment of field use of the vaccination. This temporary authorisation must be replaced by a full authorisation as quickly as possible.

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Studies on the epidemiology of bluetongue virus in China

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India

Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India

Full-Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 (BTV-1) Strain Y863, the First BTV-1 Isolate of Eastern Origin Found in China

Regulatory issues surrounding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination in emergency situations: the example of bluetongue in Europe

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