Studies on the Enhanced Effect of Acupuncture Analgesia and Acupuncture Anesthesia by D-Phenylalanine (First Report) -- Effect on Pain Threshold and Inhibition by Naloxone

Kitade, Toshikatsu; Odahara, Yoshinobu; Shoji, Shuichi; Ikeuchi, Takaharu; Sakai, Takao; Morikawa, Kazuhiro; Minamikawa, Masazumi; Toyota, Sumie; Kawachi, Akira; Hyodo, Masayoshi; Hosoya, Eikichi

doi:10.3727/036012988816358705

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, the mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia remains unclear. Although the opioid system is definitely involved in acupuncture analgesia, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, can only partially block the analgesic effect of acupuncture [1-4]. Also, in some studies, naloxone failed to reverse pain thresholds that had been elevated by acupuncture [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain

Feng

Xia

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundOrexin A (OXA, hypocretin/hcrt 1) is a newly discovered potential analgesic substance. However, whether OXA is involved in acupuncture analgesia remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of spinal OXA in electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia.MethodsA modified rat model of post-laparotomy pain was adopted and evaluated. Von Frey filaments were used to measure mechanical allodynia of the hind paw and abdomen. EA at 2/15 Hz or 2/100 Hz was performed once on the bilateral ST36 and SP6 for 30 min perioperatively. SB-334867, a selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist with a higher affinity for OXA than OXB, was intrathecally injected to observe its effect on EA analgesia.ResultsOXA at 0.3 nmol and EA at 2/15 Hz produced respective analgesic effects on the model (P<0.05). Pre-surgical intrathecal administered of SB-334867 30 nmol antagonized OXA analgesia and attenuated the analgesic effect of EA (P<0.05). However, SB-334867 did not block fentanyl-induced analgesia (P>0.05). In addition, naloxone, a selective opioid receptor antagonist, failed to antagonize OXA-induced analgesia (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate the involvement of OXA in EA analgesia via OX1R in an opioid-independent way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain

Feng

Xia

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Released enkephalins are rapidly degraded by carboxypeptidase and enkephalinase. Kitade and colleagues demonstrated the blockade of enkephalinase by administration of D-phenylalanine enhanced naloxone-reversible EAA (45).…”

Section: Role Of Endogenous Opioid Peptides In Electroacupuncture Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The mechanisms of action of acupuncture and moxibustion as reported by Japanese researchers are reviewed. The endogenous opioid-mediated mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) as used in China are well understood, but these are only one component of all mechanisms of acupuncture. These studies emphasize the similarity of the analgesic action of EA to various sensory inputs to the pain inhibition mechanisms. In Japanese acupuncture therapy, careful detection of the acupuncture points and fine needling technique with comfortable subjective sensation are considered important. The role of polymodal receptors (PMR) has been stressed based on the facts that PMRs are responsive to both acupuncture and moxibustion stimuli, thermal sensitivity is essential in moxibustion therapy, and the characteristics of acupuncture points and trigger points are similar to those of sensitized PMRs. Acupuncture and moxibustion are also known to affect neurons in the brain reward systems and blood flow in skin, muscle, and nerve. Axon reflexes mediated by PMRs might be a possible mechanism for the immediate action of acupuncture and moxibustion. Reports on the curative effects of acupuncture on various digestive and urological disorders are also reviewed briefly.

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“…The overall review results were not affected by these studies and the individual reasoning will be stated in the respective chapter [53,54,74,81,94]. The results of another five studies (5.9%) were rated as unclear due to poor reporting [35,55,106], or because only a pooled analysis of all study arms was reported (table3). Forty studies (47.1%) investigated the effect of EA, 41 studies (48.2%) the effect of MA.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acupuncture on Sensory Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Baeumler¹,

Fleckenstein²,

Takayama

et al. 2015

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur

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Background: The effect of acupuncture on sensory perception has never been systematically reviewed; although, studies on acupuncture mechanisms are frequently based on the idea that changes in sensory thresholds reflect its effect on the nervous system. Methods: Pubmed, EMBASE and Scopus were screened for studies investigating the effect of acupuncture on thermal or mechanical detection or pain thresholds in humans published in English or German. A meta-analysis of high quality studies was performed. Results: Out of 3007 identified articles 85 were included. Sixty five studies showed that acupuncture affects at least one sensory threshold. Most studies assessed the pressure pain threshold of which 80% reported an increase after acupuncture. Significant short-and long-term effects on the pressure pain threshold in pain patients were revealed by two meta-analyses including four and two high quality studies, respectively. In over 60% of studies, acupuncture reduced sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli, but measuring methods might influence results. Few but consistent data indicate that acupuncture reduces pin-prick like pain but not mechanical detection. Results on thermal detection are heterogeneous. Sensory threshold changes were equally frequent reported after manual acupuncture as after electroacupuncture. Among 48 sham-controlled studies, 25 showed stronger effects on sensory thresholds through verum than through sham acupuncture, but in 9 studies significant threshold changes were also observed after sham acupuncture. Overall, there is a lack of high quality acupuncture studies applying comprehensive assessments of sensory perception.

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Studies on the Enhanced Effect of Acupuncture Analgesia and Acupuncture Anesthesia by D-Phenylalanine (First Report) -- Effect on Pain Threshold and Inhibition by Naloxone

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain

Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

Effects of Acupuncture on Sensory Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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